{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:54:34Z","timestamp":1781110474275,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The evolutionary stages for each state are crucial to foresee its fate. After the 2011 revolution events, Egypt suffered from decline in all economic indicators. Nowadays, people live a new age of comprehensive economic reform. This article focuses on studying digital economy as one of the future economic aspects that helps achieving the sustainable development, and how to apply it in Egypt. It illustrates the global development in the digital economy; the current economic conditions in Egypt; the expected contributions of the digital economy to the Egyptian economy; the government efforts exerted towards building a digital economy; and the main elements supporting it.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijide.2019040101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T10:23:44Z","timestamp":1550053424000},"page":"1-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digital Economy in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Abo Bakr Abd","family":"Allah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-0","unstructured":"Agility. (2018). Agility Emerging Markets Logistics Index 2017. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.agility.com\/EN\/About-Us\/Pages\/Emerging-Markets\/2017\/Rankings.aspx"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-1","unstructured":"Akred, J. (2014, September 03). The definition of big data by Jennifer Dutcher. UC Berkeley School of Information. Retrieved from https:\/\/datascience.berkeley.edu\/what-is-big-data\/"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-2","unstructured":"Asian Development Bank. (2018). Co-financing. Mandaluyong, Philippines. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.adb.org\/site\/cofinancing\/what-is-cofinancing"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-3","unstructured":"Baweja, B., Donovan, P., Haefele, M., Siddiqi, L., & Smiles, S. (2016). Extreme automation and connectivity: The global, regional, and investment implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (White Paper). UBS Group AG, Zurich."},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bitcoin. (2018). Some things you need to know. Retrieved from https:\/\/bitcoin.org\/en\/you-need-to-know","DOI":"10.1002\/rwm3.20661"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-5","unstructured":"Bloem, J., van Doorn, M., Duivestein, S., Excoffier, D., Maas, R., & van Ommeren, E. (2014). VINT research report 3 of 4, The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Sogeti VINT. Retrieved from https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/59ed\/b39386ddfbf437a78869c37e72457b9e8235.pdf"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-6","unstructured":"Brahima, S. (2017). Global Cybersecurity Index 2017. International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pub\/itu-d\/opb\/str\/D-STR-GCI.01-2017-PDF-E.pdf"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-7","unstructured":"Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2017). The artificial intelligence for reality. Harvard Business Review Magazine, (July), 1-31. Retrieved from https:\/\/hbr.org\/cover-story\/2017\/07\/the-business-of-artificial-intelligence"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-8","unstructured":"CA (2017). Ibid."},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-9","author":"E. G.Carayannis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knowledge, Encyclopedia of Creativity"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-10","unstructured":"Central Bank of Egypt. (2017). A circular book dated 7 June 2017 concerning the establishment of the National Payments Council and the consequent reduction of expenses for mobile payment services, Cairo, Egypt. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cbe.org.eg\/en\/Pages\/HighlightsPages\/Circular-dated-7-June-2017-regarding-national-payments-council-and-reducing-mobile-payment-fees.aspx"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-11","unstructured":"Central Bank of Kenya. (2018). Mobile Payments Avail, Nairobi, Kenya, Retrieved March 7, 2018, from https:\/\/www.centralbank.go.ke\/national-payments-system\/mobile-payments\/"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-12","unstructured":"Chakravorti, B., Chaturvedi, R. S., & Troein, C. (2017). Building \u201cSmart Societies\u201d\u2014A blueprint for action. Retrieved from https:\/\/sites.tufts.edu\/digitalplanet\/files\/2017\/05\/Digital_Planet_2017_FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-13","author":"B.Chakravorti","year":"2017"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-14","unstructured":"Check Point Software Technologies LTD. (2018). Live cyber attack threat map. Retrieved March 7, 2018, from https:\/\/threatmap.checkpoint.com\/ThreatPortal\/livemap.html"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-15","unstructured":"Coin market cap (2018). Crypto Currency Market Capitalizations, Retrieved March 7, 2018, from https:\/\/coinmarketcap.com\/"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-16","unstructured":"Communications Authority of Kenya (CA). (2017). First quarter sector statistics report for the financial year 2017\/2018. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ca.go.ke\/index.php\/statistics"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-17","unstructured":"Dutta, S., Reynoso, R. E., Garanasvili, A., Saxena, K., Lanvin, B., Wunsch-Vincent, S., . . . Guadagno, F. (2018). The global innovation index 2018: energizing the world with innovation. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.globalinnovationindex.org\/gii-2017-report#"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-18","unstructured":"Egypt. (2017). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.egypt.travel\/"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-19","unstructured":"Egypt Today staff. (2017). SMEs hit 17,000 with total finances of LE 19B in 2017: CBE. Egypt Today, Retrieved from https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/3\/22343\/SMEs-hit-17-000-with-total-finances-of-LE-19B"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-20","unstructured":"Egyptian Center for Economic Studies. (2017). View in the News. No. 189. Retrieved from http:\/\/eces.org.eg\/MediaFiles\/ViewOnNews\/21e6d7dc.pdf"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-21","unstructured":"Espinel, V. A. (2016). This article is part of the Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2016\/11\/the-digital-economy-what-is-it-and-how-will-it-transform-our-lives\/"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-22","unstructured":"European Commission. (2017). The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI). Retrieved from https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/desi"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-23","unstructured":"F. A. T. (2014). FATF Report: Virtual Currencies Key Definitions and Potential AML\/CFT Risks. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.fatf-gafi.org\/media\/fatf\/documents\/reports\/Virtual-currency-key-definitions-and-potential-aml-cft-risks.pdf"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-24","unstructured":"Grebow, D. (2017, September 29). The Internet of Smart Things, Konecranes. The Industrial Internet. Retrieved from https:\/\/industrialinternetnow.com\/internet-smart-things-humanizing-iot\/"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-25","unstructured":"Hackett, L. (1992). Industrialization: The First Phase. Retrieved from http:\/\/history-world.org\/Industrial%20Intro.htm"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, D., Habermeier, K. F., Leckow, R. B., Haksar, V., Almeida, Y., Kashima, M., . . . Yepes, C. V. (2016). Virtual currencies and beyond: initial considerations (No. 16\/3). International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/sdn\/2016\/sdn1603.pdf","DOI":"10.5089\/9781498363273.006"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-27","unstructured":"International Labour Office. (2015). Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and Decent and Productive Employment Creation: Fourth Item on the Agenda. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---ed_norm\/---elconf\/documents\/meetingdocument\/wcms_358294.pdf"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42559-7_1"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-29","unstructured":"Kemp, S. (2017, January 24). Special Reports Digital In (2017). Global Overview. Hootsuite. Retrieved from https:\/\/wearesocial.com\/special-reports\/digital-in-2017-global-overview"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-30","unstructured":"Koigi, B. (2017, April 7). Government mulls setting up integrated databases for Egyptian expatriates. Africa business communities. Retrieved from https:\/\/africabusinesscommunities.com\/news\/egypt-government-mulls-setting-up-integrated-databases-for-egyptian-expatriates\/"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-31","unstructured":"Martin, W. (2017, March 30). The economies with the best education systems, according to expats. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2017\/03\/expats-say-these-countries-have-the-best-education-systems"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-32","unstructured":"Ministry of Communication and Information Technology. (2018). Digital Government. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.mcit.gov.eg\/Digital_Government"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-33","unstructured":"Ministry of Finance. (2017). Government Applies E-payment System to Effectively Adjust Expenditures. Cairo, Egypt. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.mof.gov.eg\/English\/MOFNews\/Media\/Pages\/release10-12-2017.aspx"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-34","unstructured":"Ministry of Interior. (2018). Electronic visa portal Retrieved from https:\/\/visa2egypt.gov.eg\/eVisa\/Home?VISTK=REGL-SP84-ASH5-KJFE-BUFX-5YQ9-BY79-G9TH-S0WH-KM27-BY61-W2IW-9S56-7J3K-78L8-58IX"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-35","year":"2018"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-36","unstructured":"Ministry of Investment and International Cooperation. (2018). Investment map. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.investinegypt.gov.eg\/English\/Pages\/explore.aspx?map=true"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-37","unstructured":"Ministry of Investment and International Cooperation. (2018). Investor Service Center. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.miic.gov.eg\/English\/Investment\/InvestorServicesCenter\/Services\/Pages\/default.aspx"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-38","unstructured":"Ministry of Planning and Follow-up and Administrative Reform. (2016). Sustainable Development Strategy: Egypt 2030 Vision. Retrieved from http:\/\/sdsegypt2030.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/English-Booklet-2030.compressed.pdf"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-39","unstructured":"Ministry of Trade & Industry. (2018). Industrial Investment Map of Egypt. Retrieved from http:\/\/invegypt.com\/Maps.aspx?lang=en"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-40","unstructured":"Modern Index Strategy Indexes. (2018). Emerging Markets Index. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.msci.com\/emerging-markets"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-41","unstructured":"OCED. (2013). The Digital Economy. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/daf\/competition\/The-Digital-Economy-2012.pdf"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-014-1230-z"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42559-7_2"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-44","unstructured":"Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2017 a). Singapore tops latest OECD PISA global education survey, Retrieved from http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/education\/singapore-tops-latest-OECD-pisa-global-education-survey.htm"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-45","unstructured":"Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2017 b). How\u2019s Life in Sweden? Paris, France. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/statistics\/Better-Life-Initiative-country-note-Sweden.pdf"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-016-0355-x"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-47","author":"S. J.Russell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Artificial intelligence: a modern approach"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-48","unstructured":"Santander Group. (2014). Guide on access to finance for SMEs. Boadilla del Monte, Spain. PP. 1-27. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.portal.santandertrade.com\/ressources\/pdf\/guideonaccesfinancesme.pdf"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-49","unstructured":"Schwab, K. (2018). Global Agenda - The Fourth Industrial Revolution, World Economic Forum, Retrieved from https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2016\/01\/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond\/"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-56925-3_2"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-51","unstructured":"Svriges riksbank. (2017). Riksbankens e-krona -Phase 1, 14 March 2017. Stockholm, Sweden. PP.1-8. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.riksbank.se\/Documents\/Avdelningar\/AFS\/2017\/Projektplan%20e-kronan_170314_eng.pdf"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-52","unstructured":"Sweden\u2019s central bank (2018).The app Kolla pengarna, Retrieved from http:\/\/www.riksbank.se\/en\/Notes--coins\/App-kolla-pengarna\/"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-53","unstructured":"Tasch, B. (2015, August 6). Build it and they will come is not enough': Egypt's $8 billion Suez Canal expansion sounds dubious. Business Insider. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/egypts-authoritarian-president-is-celebrating-the-completion-of-an-8-billion-suez-canal-expansion-that-nobody-asked-for-2015-8"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-54","unstructured":"The Economist staff. (2016, June 9). Industrial evolution: The digital economy. The Economist. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/britain\/21700468-digital-economy"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-55","unstructured":"The Near Field Communication (NFC)-Forum. (2018). NFC and Contactless Technologies. Retrieved from http:\/\/nfc-forum.org\/what-is-nfc\/about-the-technology\/"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-56","unstructured":"US National Debt clock. (2018). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.usdebtclock.org\/"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.29.010202.100037"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64352-6_5"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-59","unstructured":"White, M. (2009, October 14). The Industrial Revolution. Georgian Britain. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/georgian-britain\/articles\/the-industrial-revolution"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-60","first-page":"798","article-title":"Utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies in the Implementation of Industry 4.0.","author":"L. M.Zawra","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems and Informatics"},{"key":"IJIDE.2019040101-61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmermann, H. D. (2000). Understanding the digital economy: Challenges for new business models.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2566095"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=223433","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T10:06:45Z","timestamp":1651831605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/IJIDE.2019040101"}},"subtitle":["The Path to Achieve It"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijide.2019040101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-8305","1947-8313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-8305","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-8313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}}}