{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:11:14Z","timestamp":1654128674989},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Outdoor emergency sirens are used as a major component of the Emergency Management Agency\u2019s Emergency Alert and Notification System in tornado-prone Alabama and many other areas of the U.S. This study examines public perceptions and reactions to the sirens for notification of tornadoes as well as perceptions of the usefulness of alternative means of notification. In April 2011 a major tornado swept through northeast Alabama leaving in its wake over 300 fatalities and massive destruction. Faculty and students of a mid-sized university in Calhoun County, Alabama were surveyed before and after the devastating 2011 tornado. Although the respondents find the sirens helpful, they have difficulty understanding the tones and spoken messages emitted by the sirens. In general, concerns about tornadoes did not increase after the 2011 tornado. However, those who did experience an increase in concern were likely to change their behavior in preparations and response to tornadoes.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijiscram.2013070103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,16]],"date-time":"2013-12-16T17:19:09Z","timestamp":1387214349000},"page":"37-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cYou\u2019ve Been Warned?\u201d"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Plotnick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MCIS Department, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, USA"}]},{"given":"Starr Roxanne","family":"Hiltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Randolph, NJ, USA"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MCIS Department, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, USA"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-0","unstructured":"Albanesius, C. 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Retrieved August 13, 2011, from http:\/\/blog.chicagoweather.com\/2011\/04\/tims-weather-world-tornado-outbreak-tally.html"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-14","year":"1994","journal-title":"National disaster survey report: Southeastern United States palm Sunday tornado outbreak of March 27, 1994"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-15","unstructured":"National Weather Service. (2011). NWS central region service assessment: Joplin, Missouri, Tornado \u2013 May 22, 2011. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce. Kansas City, MO: National Weather Service, Central Region Headquarters. Retrieved November 3, 2011, from http:\/\/www.nws.noaa.gov\/om\/assessments\/pdfs\/Joplin_tornado.pdf"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-16","unstructured":"Parisi, T. (2008, February 8). Deadly storms underscore new research finding Mid-South is most vulnerable region for tornados. Retrieved August 26 2011, from http:\/\/www.niu.edu\/PublicAffairsRELEASES\/2008\/feb\/tornado.shtml"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-17","unstructured":"Pinto, A. (2010, September 10). 65 percent of residents hung up on reverse-911 in Conn. Retrieved September 10, 2010, from http:\/\/www.firerescue1.com\/fire-products\/communications\/articles\/879601-65-percent-of-residents-hung-up-on-reverse-911-in-Conn\/"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-18","unstructured":"Rogers, L. (2009, August 8). Homes, businesses to receive free alert radios. Gadsden Times."},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidlin, T., & King, P. (1995, June). Risk factors for death in the 27 March 1994 Georgia and Alabama tornadoes. Disasters, 19(2), 170-177. Retrieved November 3, 2011, from http:\/\/repository.forcedmigration.org\/pdf\/?pid=fmo:4379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00367.x"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-20","unstructured":"Spann, J. (2006, April 5). Scrap tornado sirens? Alabama, USA. Retrieved September 6, 2010"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-21","unstructured":"Spann, J. (2010, November 2). (M. Burns, Interviewer)"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-22","unstructured":"Stone, C. (2010, November 3). (M. Burns, Interviewer)"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-23","unstructured":"UA Alerts. (2010). Retrieved September 7, 2010, from beready.ua.edu: http:\/\/prepare.ua.edu\/?page_id=1700"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-24","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. (2011). State & county quick facts. Retrieved August 27, 2011, from http:\/\/quickfacts.census.gov\/qfd\/states\/01\/01015.html"},{"issue":"2","key":"ijiscram.2013070103-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986023002170","article-title":"The Kruskal-Wallis test and stochastic homogeneity.","volume":"23","author":"A.Vargha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-26","unstructured":"Weather Alerts. (2010). Retrieved September 7, 2010, from http:\/\/www.myfoxal.com\/Global\/link.asp?L=397371"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-27","unstructured":"Weather Call. (2010). Retrieved September 8, 2010, from http:\/\/www.abc3340.com\/Global\/category.asp?C=192307"},{"key":"ijiscram.2013070103-28","unstructured":"Willard, M. (2009, April 26). Warning sirens termed expensive, ineffective in the murfreesboro post. 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