{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:09:30Z","timestamp":1775066970561,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Driving simulators emerged as a promising technology for the analysis of driving conditions and road users' behaviour in an attempt to tackle the problem of road accidents. The work presented herein demonstrates the design and development of a driving simulator that aims to contribute towards evaluating black spots in road networks by promoting rapid design of realistic models and facilitating the specification of test scenarios. A reliable driving simulator should be able to reproduce the driver's behaviour in a realistic way. In this study the authors examine different setups of the simulator to define the one that achieves highest levels of reliability. The chosen setup is then used to evaluate the impact of distractors (e.g. billboards) on driving behaviour of local road users for a chosen black spot in Limassol, Cyprus. Data collected from the experiments are analysed, and the main findings are presented and discussed.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijitn.2014010102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,8]],"date-time":"2014-12-08T19:36:45Z","timestamp":1418067405000},"page":"10-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of Immersion and Realism in Driving Simulator Studies"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Despina","family":"Michael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GET Lab, Department of Multimedia and Graphic Arts, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Kleanthous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GET Lab, Department of Multimedia and Graphic Arts, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus"}]},{"given":"Marinos","family":"Savva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GET Lab, Department of Multimedia and Graphic Arts, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus"}]},{"given":"Smaragda","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GET Lab, Department of Multimedia and Graphic Arts, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pampaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Gregoriades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European University Cyprus, Cyprus"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00437.x"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-1","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Low levels of alcohol impair driving simulator performance and reduce perception of crash risk in partially sleep deprived subjects.","volume":"27","author":"S.Banks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep-New York Then Westchester"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/229459.229468"},{"issue":"4","key":"ijitn.2014010102-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088202400408","article-title":"Driving experience and task demands in simulator and instrumented car: A validation study.","volume":"24","author":"G. J.Blaauw","year":"1982","journal-title":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-4","unstructured":"Christodoulou, S. (2012). Development of a 3D driving simulator and study of parameters that cause road accidents. Unpublished master\u2019s thesis, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus."},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-5","first-page":"17","article-title":"Design of a 3D interactive simulator for driver behavior analysis.","author":"S.Christodoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 Summer Computer Simulation Conference"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.09.046","article-title":"Reliability of simulator driving tool for evaluation of sleepiness, fatigue and driving performance.","volume":"45","author":"D.Davenne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accident; Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-7","year":"2011","journal-title":"\u201cReported Road Casualties, Great Britain: 2011\u201d, annual report"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dingus, T. A., Klauer, S. G., Neale, V. L., Petersen, A., Lee, S. E., Sudweeks, J. D., ... & Knipling, R. R. (2006). The 100-car naturalistic driving study, Phase II-results of the 100-car field experiment (No. HS-810 593).","DOI":"10.1037\/e624282011-001"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-9","volume":"Vol. 11","author":"P.Dutre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Advanced global illumination"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2007.10.003"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00056-2"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-12","article-title":"The effect of lateral motion cues during simulated driving.","author":"J.Greenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceeding of the Driving Simulator Conference North America"},{"issue":"4","key":"ijitn.2014010102-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/001872087802000404","article-title":"Effects of visual distraction on reaction time in a simulated traffic environment.","volume":"20","author":"C. J.Holahan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-14","author":"E.Hollnagel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Resilience engineering: Concepts and precepts"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horberry, T., Castro, C., Martos, F., & Mertova, P. (2004). An introduction to transport signs and overview of this book. The human factors of transport signs, 1-15.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203457412.ch1"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-16","article-title":"The multivariate social scientist: Introductory statistics using generalized linear models.","author":"G. D.Hutcheson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sage (Atlanta, Ga.)"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.4.625.56814"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)00011-6"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.09.022"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2010.01818.x"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043158"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.05.030"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.45.2.218.27241"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/1054746011470271"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778829"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-26","first-page":"25","article-title":"Some critical human factors issues and challenges in simulation and testing.","author":"T. J.Triggs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First International SimTecT Conference"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-27","first-page":"379","author":"K.Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Driver distraction: A review of the literature. Distracted driving"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2009.05.004"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2012.121"},{"key":"ijitn.2014010102-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2003.1191170"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=120011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T23:50:36Z","timestamp":1654127436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/ijitn.2014010102"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijitn.2014010102","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-8663","1941-8671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-8663","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-8671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]}}}