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The open systems development approach has been utilized in a number of domains including open source software, Wikipedia\u00ae, and open innovation in manufacturing. However, open systems development appears difficult to recreate successfully, and while domain tradecraft advice is often available, no engineering management methodology has emerged to improve the likelihood of success. The authors discuss the essential features of openness in these three domains and use them to propose a conceptual framework for the further exploration of the effect of governance in determining success in such open endeavors. It is the authors' hope that further research to apply this conceptual framework to open source software projects may reveal some rudimentary elements of a management methodology for environments where requirements are highly uncertain, volatile, or \u2018traditional' systems engineering is otherwise sub-optimal.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijitsa.2014010103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]],"date-time":"2014-06-11T12:36:31Z","timestamp":1402490191000},"page":"41-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Towards a Conceptual Framework for Open Systems Developments"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"James A.","family":"Cowling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"}]},{"given":"Christopher V.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PA Consulting Group, London, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2522-7888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Cloutier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"journal-title":"Object oriented systems development","year":"1999","author":"A.Barhrami","key":"ijitsa.2014010103-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"ijitsa.2014010103-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/1562247","article-title":"Coase's penguin, or, Linux and the nature of the firm.","volume":"12","author":"Y.Benkler","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Yale Law Journal"},{"key":"ijitsa.2014010103-2","first-page":"181","article-title":"A quantitative theory of organic growth.","volume":"10","author":"L. 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