{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:38:20Z","timestamp":1773668300654,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Executive compensation continues to grow at a time when the rest of America is hurting. Why is this so? Many business pundits believe that there is a total disconnect between executive compensation and company performance. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how hierarchical modeling can be used to better understand the relationship between executive compensation and organizational efficacy. An analysis of S&amp;P1500 firms for 2004 was performed using a two level hierarchical design. 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