{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T17:10:14Z","timestamp":1651857014542},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"abstract":"<p>The QWERTY keyboard layout can be very inefficient for one-finger typing on virtual keyboards since the letters in many common digrams are placed on opposite sides of the keyboard, resulting in a long finger travel. This paper reports on use of simulated annealing for finding alternate arrangements of the letters of the English alphabet on keyboards with different number of rows, to reduce finger-travel distance for entering text. The use of simulated annealing led to arrangements of the letters on 3 \u00d7 10, 4 \u00d7 7, and 5 \u00d7 6 layouts with a lower weighted sum of finger-travel distances for all digrams (denoted by d) compared to the QWERTY layout (lower by about 40%). The layout with the least value of d among those found in this work is a 5 \u00d7 6 layout for which the value of d is only 1.78 key widths compared to 3.31 key widths (the value of d for QWERTY). Alternate automated methods to solve this problem, connections between keyboard layouts and facility layouts, and many new applications of the ideas in this work are discussed.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijmstr.2017040103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T12:30:37Z","timestamp":1499776237000},"page":"29-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On Automated Generation of Keyboard Layout to Reduce Finger-Travel Distance"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Amol D.","family":"Mali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753367","article-title":"Quasi-qwerty soft keyboard optimization.","author":"X.Bi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858421"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-2","author":"H.Choset","year":"2005","journal-title":"Principles of robot motion: theory, algorithms, and implementations"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-3","first-page":"227","article-title":"A mixed integer programming formulation for solving operating theater layout problem: a multi-goal approach.","author":"A.Chraibi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Systems Management (IESM)"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2016.7844659"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2371664.2371671"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208659"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985921.986082"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-8","first-page":"51","article-title":"Word n-grams for cluster keyboards.","author":"N.Karlund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the EACL (European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics) Workshop on Language Modeling for Text Entry Methods"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1910129"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2047196.2047257"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2016.7743872"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.245"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-13","first-page":"455","article-title":"Bimodal detection of painful reaching for chronic pain rehabilitation systems.","author":"T.Olugbade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI)"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481383"},{"key":"IJMSTR.2017040103-15","unstructured":"Paddock, C. 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