{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:43:15Z","timestamp":1781109795515,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"abstract":"<p>In the fields of electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility, it is important to measure the strength of the electric field originating from electric devices. For this purpose, knowledge of the antenna factor of a receiving antenna is necessary. According to international standards, the accurate measurement of the antenna factor involves the use of calibration test sites characterized by very large sizes of both the ground plane and the empty space volume above it. As a consequence, these setup conditions make the antenna factor measurements quite expensive for the customer. In this paper, the authors discuss the well know antenna-based and site-based methods as well as recently measurement method called Antenna Impedance Method as able to obtain the free-space antenna factor. Moreover, the authors investigate on the suitability of semi-anechoic chamber for reliable antenna factor calibrations. In particular, the experimental measurements of the antenna factor obtained by using the antenna impedance method were compared with Standard Field Method and the data provided by the manufacturer of three antennas (Biconical, Log-periodic and Horn antenna) founding an agreement with the international standard ANSI C63.5-2006.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijmtie.2012100104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,14]],"date-time":"2013-08-14T12:36:35Z","timestamp":1376483795000},"page":"43-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antenna Calibration Methods for Antenna Factor Measurements"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Mescia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DEI-Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell\u2019Informazione, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Losito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEI-Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell\u2019Informazione, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Castrovilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITEL Telecomunicazioni S.r.l., Ruvo di Puglia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEI-Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell\u2019Informazione, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Prudenzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEI-Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell\u2019Informazione, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-smt:19941284"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-1","unstructured":"ANSI C63.5-2006. (2006). American national standard for electromagnetic compatibility\u2013radiated emission measurements in electromagnetic interference (EMI) control\u2013calibration of antennas (9 kHz to 40 GHz)."},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/20.996180"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMC.2005.850689"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-4","unstructured":"Fujii, K., Kaketa, S., Matsumoto, Y., & Sugiura, A. (2002). Determination of the EMI antenna factor with antenna impedance measurements. In Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Electromagn. Compat. (ICEMC2002), Bangkok, Thailand (pp. 334\u2013337)."},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-5","unstructured":"Fujii, K., Kaketa, S., Sugiura, A., Matsumoto, Y., & Yamanaka, Y. (2004). Calibration of EMI antennas in the VHF band with antenna impedance measurements. In Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC'04\/Sendai), Sendai, Japan (2C1-3, pp. 361\u2013364)."},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/19.571906"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/15.536072"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2007.890794"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2004.838116"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaketa, S., Fujii, K., Sugiura, A., Matsumoto, Y., & Yamanaka, Y. (2003). EMI antenna calibration using the antenna impedance measurement. In Proceedings 2003 6th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory (pp. 792-795).","DOI":"10.1109\/ISAPE.2003.1276806"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaketa, S., Fujii, K., Sugiura, A., Matsumoto, Y., & Yamanaka, Y. (2003). A novel method for EMI antenna calibration on a metal ground plane. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC '03) (pp. 66-69).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC2.2003.1428194"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMC.2003.819066"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.1985.4315390"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2008.4563616"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMC.1982.304042"},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-16","unstructured":"IEEE Std 291-1991. (1991). IEEE standard methods for measuring electromagnetic field strength of sinusoidal continuous waves, 30 Hz to 30 GHz."},{"key":"ijmtie.2012100104-17","first-page":"1229","article-title":"An improvement in the standard site method for accurate EMI antenna calibration. IEICE Trans. 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