{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T16:29:01Z","timestamp":1756312141198},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<p>This paper examines \u201ctechnology geek\u201d through the social psychological lens of stigma. The research expands on an aspect of stigma that can materialize in work settings but has not been fully explicated in prior stigma theory, namely, prestige. The authors argue that a stigma may be worn with pride rather than shame, typified by the case of the technology geek, called \u201cprestigious stigma.\u201d The theory building focuses on interactions between the technology geek and others in the organization, positing that prestigiously stigmatized individuals behave in ways that differ from what social psychologists have generally posited for the stigmatized. This effort culminates in a model of mixed interaction involving the technology geek, which extends prior stigma theory and provides insights for practice and future research regarding technology professionals in organizations.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijsodit.2011040101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T16:47:43Z","timestamp":1319042863000},"page":"1-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Examination of Prestigious Stigma"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jo Ellen","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, USA"}]},{"given":"Mary Sue","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, USA"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0730888485012001002"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-1","unstructured":"Allgeier, A. R. (1974). The effects of differential amounts of talkativeness on interpersonal judgments. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette."},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-685180-9.50020-8","article-title":"Self-presentation styles","author":"R. M.Arkin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Impression management theory and social psychology research"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10286-006"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/259134"},{"issue":"3","key":"ijsodit.2011040101-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.58.3.ht622pk6l41l35m1","article-title":"Dangerous liaisons: Trust, distrust, and information technology in American work organizations.","volume":"58","author":"M.Baba","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Organization"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3250929"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.64.1.141"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.36.4.405"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90005-0"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/248710"},{"issue":"7","key":"ijsodit.2011040101-11","first-page":"18","article-title":"Nurture the geek in you.","volume":"135","author":"J.Carroll","year":"2002","journal-title":"CA Magazine"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-12","unstructured":"Chapman, G. (1999, September 27). Digital nation: Even if 'geekness' is a disorder, there's no rush to find a cure. The Los Angeles Times, p. 1."},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8325.1992.tb00495.x","article-title":"Relationships of work stressor with aggression, withdrawal, theft and substance use: An exploratory study.","volume":"65","author":"P. Y.Chen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2005.15281431","article-title":"Out of sight but not out of mind: Managing invisible social identities in the workplace.","volume":"30","author":"J. A.Clair","year":"2005","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-15","author":"T.Cox","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cultural diversity in organizations"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-16","first-page":"126","article-title":"Ideology and lay theories of stigma: The justification of stigmatization","author":"C. S.Crandall","year":"2000","journal-title":"The social psychology of stigma"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01049.x","article-title":"Physical illness stigma and social rejection.","volume":"34","author":"C. S.Crandall","year":"1995","journal-title":"The British Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.4.608"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-19","unstructured":"Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1994). Reactions to stigma: The moderating role of justifications. In M. P. Zanna & J. M. Olson (Eds.), The Ontario symposium: Vol. 7. The psychology of prejudice (pp. 289-314). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-20","first-page":"504","article-title":"Social stigma","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"J.Crocker","year":"1998","journal-title":"The handbook of social psychology"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-21","first-page":"153","article-title":"Social stigma and the self: Meanings, situations, and self-esteem","author":"J.Crocker","year":"2000","journal-title":"The social psychology of stigma"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.593"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-23","author":"M.Csikszentmihalyi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Finding flow"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.24.2.191"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-25","author":"R. L.Daft","year":"1995","journal-title":"Organization theory and design"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076748"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1979.tb00288.x"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6486.00141"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.94.3.369"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stigma: Introduction and overview","author":"J. F.Dovidio","year":"2000","journal-title":"The social psychology of stigma"},{"issue":"20","key":"ijsodit.2011040101-31","first-page":"66","article-title":"Confronting the geek within.","volume":"23","author":"S.Dugan","year":"2001","journal-title":"InfoWorld"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2089716"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0020306"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-088579-7.50015-6","article-title":"Negative interdependence and prejudice: Whence the affect?","author":"S. T.Fiske","year":"1993","journal-title":"Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1379(199911)20:6<915::AID-JOB918>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.1.140"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2135.2138"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-38","article-title":"Disability as social deviance","author":"E.Freidson","year":"1966","journal-title":"Sociology and rehabilitation"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-39","article-title":"The bases of social power","author":"J. R. P.French","year":"1959","journal-title":"Studies in social power"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-40","unstructured":"Fried, I. (2000). Cruise line seeks geeks for Perl diving. Retrieved from http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/Cruise-line-seeks-geeks-for-Perl-diving\/2100-1040_3-244435.html"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-41","unstructured":"Geek 2 Geek. (2010). Welcome to Geek 2 Geek. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.gk2gk.com"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511663673"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-43","first-page":"199","article-title":"The role of language in intergroup relations","author":"H.Giles","year":"1981","journal-title":"Intergroup behavior"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-44","first-page":"13","article-title":"Speech accommodation theory: The first decade and beyond","volume":"Vol. 10","author":"H.Giles","year":"1987","journal-title":"Communication yearbook"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-45","author":"P.Glen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leading geeks: How to manage and lead people who deliver technology"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-46","author":"E.Goffman","year":"1963","journal-title":"Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.7.4.375"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250171110","article-title":"(199b6). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm.","volume":"17","author":"R. M.Grant","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2667032"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-50","first-page":"136","article-title":"Processes underlying the construction, maintenance, and enhancement of the self-concept in children","volume":"Vol. 3","author":"S.Harter","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychological perspectives on the self"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-51","author":"S. A.Haslam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychology in organizations: The social identity approach"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-52","unstructured":"Hebl, M. R. (1997). Nonstigmatized individuals\u2019 reactions to the acknowledgment and valuation of a stigma by physically disabled and overweight individuals. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Dartmouth College, Hanover."},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-53","first-page":"275","article-title":"Awkward moments in interactions between nonstigmatized and stigmatized individuals","author":"M. R.Hebl","year":"2000","journal-title":"The social psychology of stigma"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-54","first-page":"197","article-title":"Why tell if you are not asked? Self disclosure, intergroup contact, and heterosexuals\u2019 attitudes toward lesbians and gay men","author":"G. M.Herek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Out in force: Sexual orientation and the military"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2.1.29"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-56","author":"A. R.Hochschild","year":"1983","journal-title":"The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/259266"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-58","author":"E. C.Hughes","year":"1994","journal-title":"On work, race, and the sociological imagination"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2667055"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-60","unstructured":"Information Technology Association of America. (1998). Task force. Image of the information technology (IT) professions. From myth to reality: Changing the image of information technology. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.itaa.org\/"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-61","author":"E. E.Jones","year":"1984","journal-title":"Social stigma: The psychology of marked relationships"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-62","unstructured":"Kaiser, C., & Miller, C. T. (2000). Reacting to impending discriminations: Compensation for prejudice and attributions to discrimination. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Vermont, Burlington."},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/358527.358543"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-64","first-page":"128","article-title":"How bell labs creates start performers.","volume":"71","author":"R.Kelley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-65","first-page":"104","article-title":"Informal networks: The company behind the charts.","volume":"71","author":"D.Krackhardt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-66","author":"B.Kroeger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Passing: When people can't be who they are"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-67","author":"P. R.Lawrence","year":"1967","journal-title":"Organization and environment: managing differentiation and integration"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8675.00122"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-69","first-page":"442","article-title":"Causes and consequences of effluvia: Body odor awareness and controllability as determinants of interpersonal evaluation.","volume":"3","author":"J. M.Levine","year":"1977","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10096-011"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2.2.195"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-72","first-page":"363","article-title":"Conceptualizing stigma.","volume":"27","author":"B. G.Link","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13620430410535878"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-088579-7.50019-3","article-title":"Social stigma: The consequences of attributional ambiguity","author":"B.Major","year":"1993","journal-title":"Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception"},{"issue":"46","key":"ijsodit.2011040101-75","first-page":"82","article-title":"Selling teens on IT.","volume":"34","author":"E.Manfred","year":"2000","journal-title":"Computerworld"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/10570317609373881","article-title":"The effects of communication apprehension on the perception of peers.","volume":"40","author":"J. C.McCroskey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Western Speech Communication Journal"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-77","first-page":"129","article-title":"Willingness to communicate","author":"J. C.McCroskey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Personality and interpersonal communication"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2390947"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, C. T., & Major, B. (2000). Coping with stigma and prejudice. In T. F. Heatherton, R. E. Kleck, M. R. Hebl, & J. G. Hull (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 243-272). New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Milton, L. P. (2003). An identity perspective on the propensity of high-tech talent to unionize. Journal of Labor Research, 24, 31-53.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12122-003-1028-8"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-80","author":"H.Mintzberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Power in and around organizations"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-81","author":"T. R.Mitchell","year":"1988","journal-title":"People in organizations: An introduction to organizational behaviour in Australia"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203312032"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249562"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-84","first-page":"103","article-title":"Expectancy-confirmation processes in stereotype-tinged social encounters: The moderating role of social goals","volume":"Vol. 7","author":"S. L.Neuberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"The psychology of prejudice: The Ontario symposium"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-85","first-page":"31","article-title":"Why people stigmatize: Toward a biocultural framework","author":"S. L.Neuberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"The social psychology of stigma"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-86","author":"O.Nordhaugh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Human capital in organizations: Competence, training and learning"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-87","unstructured":"Northcraft, G. B. (1981). The perception of disability. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford."},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2576233"},{"issue":"4","key":"ijsodit.2011040101-89","first-page":"32","article-title":"Revenge of the nerds.","volume":"73","author":"D.Parker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Australian CPA"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-90","unstructured":"Peterson, B., Major, B., Cozarelli, C., & Crocker, J. (1988). The social construction of gender differences in values. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Buffalo, NY."},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-91","author":"J. K.Pinto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Successful information system implementation: The human side"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.87.4.436"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-93","first-page":"254","article-title":"Lesbian mothers at work","author":"R.Reimann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Queer families, queer politics: Challenging culture and the state"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00909889209365321"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-95","author":"M.Rose","year":"1969","journal-title":"Computers, managers, and society"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-96","unstructured":"Siller, J., Chipman, A., Ferguson, L., & Vann, D. H. (1967). Attitudes of the nondisabled toward the physically disabled (Tech. Rep. No. RD-707). New York, NY: New York University School of Education."},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-97","author":"P. A.Sorokin","year":"1927","journal-title":"Social mobility"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077157"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1978.tb02125.x"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.5.797"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089124189017004003"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.46.6.1287"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2089195"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.2000.2884"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-105","author":"D.Tannen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Talking from 9 to 5: How women\u2019s and men\u2019s conversational styles affect who gets heard, who gets credit, and what gets done at work"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.2.193"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3033737"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-108","first-page":"1","article-title":"Self-definition and self-evaluation maintenance","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"A.Tesser","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychological perspectives on the self"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-109","year":"2000","journal-title":"American heritage dictionary of the English language"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365092019005001"},{"issue":"3","key":"ijsodit.2011040101-111","first-page":"24","article-title":"Geeks: Train and handle with care!","volume":"29","author":"J.Tschohl","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Canadian Manager"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-112","author":"J. C.Turner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Social influence"},{"issue":"1","key":"ijsodit.2011040101-113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2006.19379631","article-title":"The role of organizational controls in managing knowledge.","volume":"31","author":"K. L.Turner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-114","unstructured":"Twigg, N. (2010). Celebrate Geek Pride Day 2010. Retrieved on from http:\/\/www.forevergeek.com\/2010\/05\/celebrate_geek_pride_day_2010\/"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-115","unstructured":"Vann, D. H. (1976). Personal responsibility, authoritarianism, and treatment of the obese. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York University, New York."},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2576836"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014616728171008"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0747-5632(93)90032-N"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.55.5.738"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-120","author":"N.Whitten","year":"1995","journal-title":"Managing software development projects: Formula for success"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-121","author":"A.Wildavsky","year":"1974","journal-title":"The politics of the budgetary process"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-122","unstructured":"Wilensky, H. L. (1967). The failure of intelligence: Knowledge and policy in government and industry. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Winter Meeting of the Industrial Relations Research Association."},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.1993.tb00472.x"},{"key":"ijsodit.2011040101-124","author":"S.Wloszczyna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fickle finger of fashion puts 'eek' in 'geek"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social and Organizational Dynamics in IT"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=53823","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T04:30:25Z","timestamp":1654144225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/ijsodit.2011040101"}},"subtitle":["The Case of the Technology Geek"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijsodit.2011040101","relation":{},"ISSN":["2155-6334","2155-6342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2155-6334","type":"print"},{"value":"2155-6342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]}}}