{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:48:05Z","timestamp":1767340085209,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<p>In this work, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of interconnected multi\u2013area hydrothermal power systems. Area 1&amp;2 are thermal power systems and area 3 is a hydro power system, all the areas are interconnected through the appropriate tie-line. Thermal and hydro power plants are applied with reheat turbine and electric governor respectively. Investigated power system initially applied with conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using trial and error method considering Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) objective function. After that, the system is equipped with Proportional \u2013 Integral \u2013 Derivative (PID) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using ACO algorithm with ITAE objective function. The superiority of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated by comparing conventional controller. Finally, The Simulation results of multi-area power system prove the effectiveness of the proposed optimization technique in LFC scheme and show its superiority over conventional PI controller.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijssmet.2015040102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]],"date-time":"2015-05-04T12:33:58Z","timestamp":1430742838000},"page":"18-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Automatic Generation Control of Thermal-Thermal-Hydro Power Systems with PID Controller using Ant Colony Optimization"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jagatheesan","family":"Kaliannan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EEE, Mahendra Institute of Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, India"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Baskaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EEE, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8437-498X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nilanjan","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ETCE, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijssmet.2015040102-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2010.12.022"},{"issue":"2","key":"ijssmet.2015040102-1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Fuzzy Logic load frequency Control of hydro-Thermal system with non-Linearities.","volume":"3","author":"B.Anand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int.J.Elec.Power Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"ijssmet.2015040102-2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Load Frequency control with Fuzzy logic Controller considering Non-Linearities and Boiler Dynamics.","volume":"8","author":"B.Anand","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACSE"},{"key":"ijssmet.2015040102-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-014-1560-x"},{"key":"ijssmet.2015040102-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12883-2_1"},{"key":"ijssmet.2015040102-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-13132-0"},{"key":"ijssmet.2015040102-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11017-2"},{"key":"ijssmet.2015040102-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-7248-2"},{"journal-title":"Advances and Applications in Sliding Mode Control systems. 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