{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:03:07Z","timestamp":1781110987827,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lean Six Sigma is a set of tools utilized by organizations to reduce cost and waste. There are risks associated with deploying and sustaining Six Sigma. The risks are different at each stage of the process. To ensure success, these risks must be identified and mitigated. From an organizational standpoint, companies need to understand the differences between Lean Six Sigma deployment and sustainment. The risk factors discussed in this article are leadership, human resource, and project selection. Since Lean Six Sigma is a project-based approach, many tools offered by the Project Management Institute (PMI) can be utilized to complement DMAIC structure. Since risks in improper management are inherent, using project management and Lean Six Sigma tools together is beneficial. This research attempts to identify and analyze the different risks associated with deploying and sustaining Lean Six Sigma. This article presents recommendations based on an analysis of collected information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijssmet.2018070106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T05:16:23Z","timestamp":1524546983000},"page":"82-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Risks Related to Lean Six Sigma Deployment and Sustainment Risks"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9392-244X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brian J.","family":"Galli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor and Graduate Program Director, Master of Science in Engineering Management Industrial Engineering, Hofstra University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijssmet.2014010101"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/353132"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/me:20050202"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-3","unstructured":"Basu, R. (2001). Six Sigma to fit Sigma. IIE Solutions, 28-33."},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-5","unstructured":"Berlanga, J. & Husby, B. (2016). Big hospital improvements start small. ISE Magazine, September, 30-35."},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-6","unstructured":"Bisgaard, S. (2007). What\u2019s missing in Six Sigma? Project management \u2013 Individually and collectively. ASQ Six Sigma Forum Magazine, February, 38-39."},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-7","unstructured":"Bolton, M. (2004). Get staff involved in quality initiatives. Quality Progress, 37(2), 62-67."},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-8","first-page":"35","article-title":"Ready, set, change","author":"R.Burge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Industrial Engineering (American Institute of Industrial Engineers)"},{"issue":"2","key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-9","first-page":"238","article-title":"Time-series minimum-wage studies: A meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"D.Card","year":"1995","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-10","unstructured":"Carey, B., & McConnell, B. Knowledge transfer IS the key to Lean Six Sigma culture. iSixSigma. Retrieved from www.isixsigma.com\/implementation\/change-management-implementation\/knowledge-transfer-key-lean-six-sigma-culture\/"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-11","unstructured":"Chakravorty, S. (2010, January). Where process-improvement projects go wrong Wall Street Journal, retrieved from www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052748703298004574457471313938130"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-12","first-page":"32","article-title":"The Babe Ruth effect","author":"S.Chakravorty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Industrial Engineering (American Institute of Industrial Engineers)"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-13","unstructured":"Coldwell, R. (2010, May). Lean extremes. TCE Today, 24-25."},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-14","first-page":"41","article-title":"Behavior tests Six Sigma","author":"C.Del Angel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Industrial Engineering (American Institute of Industrial Engineers)"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-15","first-page":"80","article-title":"Understand the myths surrounding Six Sigma","author":"M.Doble","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hydrocarbon Processing"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-16","first-page":"18","article-title":"The fa\u00e7ade of management and why it\u2019s so destructive","author":"J.Dyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Industry Week"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2012.08.002"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erikkson, A. (2016, March). A case study of three Swedish Hospitals\u2019 strategies for implementing Lean production. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 6(1), 105-131.","DOI":"10.19154\/njwls.v6i1.4912"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-19","first-page":"40","article-title":"Organically grown quality","author":"M.Fischbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Industrial Engineering (American Institute of Industrial Engineers)"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-20","first-page":"32","article-title":"Five common Lean maintenance missteps","author":"M.Fitzgerald","year":"2011","journal-title":"Industry Week"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.630"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJSDS.2016070101"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/MEJM.2017.086426"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJAMSE.2017070103"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJSSMET.2017070101"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.491"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.1561"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-28","first-page":"205","article-title":"Success factors for Six Sigma implementation in Slovenian manufacturing companies","author":"D.Gosnik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Advances in Production Engineering & Management"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.636"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-30","unstructured":"Haughey, D. (2011, December). Understanding the project management triple constraint. Project Smart. Retrieved from www.projectsmart.co.uk\/understanding-the-project-management-triple-constraint.php"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-31","author":"L. V.Hedges","year":"1985","journal-title":"Statistical methods for meta-analysis"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-32","first-page":"48","article-title":"Discipline your Lean Sigma programs","author":"A. V.Hill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Industrial Engineering, 43(6),"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jairtraman.2008.05.002"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caligiore, D., Mustile, M., Cipriani, D., Redgrave, P., Triesch, J., De Marsico, M., & Baldassarre, G. (2015, March). Intrinsic motivations drive learning of eye movements: An experiment with human adults. PLoS One.25775248","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118705"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-35","unstructured":"Jacobsen, J. (2008). Avoiding the mistakes of the past: Lessons learned on what makes or breaks quality initiatives. Journal for Quality and Participation, 31(2), 4\u20138."},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJSSMET.2017040102"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7166\/24-1-654"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-38","unstructured":"Kothari, C. R. (2009). Research Methodology Methods and Techniques (2nd rev. ed.). New Age International publishers."},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-39","first-page":"36","article-title":"Approaching transformation","volume":"\u25aa\u25aa\u25aa","author":"J.LaMarsh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Industrial Engineering (American Institute of Industrial Engineers)"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodridge, D., Westhorp, G., Rotter, T., Dobson, R., & Bath, B. (2015). Lean and leadership practices, Development of an initial Realist program theory. BMC Health Services Research.26345184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-1030-x"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cede.2013.06.004"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-42","article-title":"Most important ingredients for successful implementation of Six Sigma, Guideline for Pakistan\u2019s industrial sector","author":"M. A.Mehdi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sixteenth Annual Conference of POMS"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-43","first-page":"34","article-title":"Six Sigma\u2019s growing pains","author":"S.Minter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Industry Week"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJAIE.2017010104"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJSSMET.2015070101"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-46","article-title":"Lean practices for process improvement: Outcomes and obstacles for trauma orthopedics","author":"S.New","year":"2016"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00185868.2015.1052299"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pulakanam, V. (2012). Costs and savings of Six Sigma programs: An empirical study. The Quality Management Journal, 19(4), 39-54.","DOI":"10.1080\/10686967.2012.11918082"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJAIE.2016010101"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.1391"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.523"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.3.638"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJSSMET.2011100104"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-54","unstructured":"Smith, D. & Blakeslee, J. (2002, September). The new strategic Six Sigma."},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.15.3.131"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00370-0"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.822"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-58","first-page":"28","article-title":"Numbers are not enough","author":"B.Theiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Industrial Engineering (American Institute of Industrial Engineers)"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jssmet.2013010104"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-60","first-page":"115","article-title":"On the evaluation of Six Sigma projects","author":"M.Tkac","year":"2009","journal-title":"Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 26(1),"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7166\/25-1-725"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/352170"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijaie.2012070106"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-64","unstructured":"Virginia, M. & Vasile, C. (2013). Lean manufacturing: The when, the where, the who. Management and Economics, 18(4), 404-410."},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00148-004-0199-9"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-013-0785-9"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0950-0804.2005.00256.x"},{"key":"IJSSMET.2018070106-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-010-3099-z"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=204964","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T10:07:03Z","timestamp":1651831623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/IJSSMET.2018070106"}},"subtitle":["How Project Management Can Help"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijssmet.2018070106","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-959X","1947-9603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-959X","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-9603","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}}}