{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T09:30:52Z","timestamp":1753522252894},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Finger spelling in air helps user to operate a computer in order to make human interaction easier and faster than keyboard and touch screen. This article presents a real-time video based system which recognizes the English alphabets and words written in air using finger movements only. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is used for recognition which is trained using more than 500 various shapes and styles of all alphabets. This system works with different light situations and adapts automatically to various changing conditions; and gives a natural way of communicating where no extra hardware is used other than system camera and a bright color tape. Also, this system does not restrict writing speed and color of tape. Overall, this system achieves an average accuracy rate of character recognition for all alphabets of 94.074%. It is concluded that this system is very useful for communication with deaf and dumb people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijtd.2018010103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]],"date-time":"2017-11-30T18:26:15Z","timestamp":1512066375000},"page":"28-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Finger Spelling in Air System for Deaf and Dumb"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Urmila","family":"Shrawankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GHRCE, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India"}]},{"given":"Shruti","family":"Gedam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Govt. College of Engineering, Amravati, India"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWC.2012.21"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2012.6252595"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2010.5598705"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baig, F., Beg, S., Khan, M. F., & Nawaz, S. J. (2015). A method to control home appliances based on writing commands over the air. Journal of Control Automation and Electrical Systems.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40313-015-0184-4"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baig, F., Fahad Khan, M., & Beg, S. (2013). Text writing in the air. Journal of Information Display, 14(4), 137-148.","DOI":"10.1080\/15980316.2013.860928"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-5","first-page":"393","author":"T. A. C.Bragatto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Real-time video based finger spelling recognition system using low computational complexity artificial neural networks. In Proceedings of the 2006 International Telecommunications Symposium"},{"issue":"8","key":"IJTD.2018010103-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2519021","article-title":"Nonparametric feature matching based conditional random fields for gesture recognition from multi-modal video.","volume":"38","author":"J. Y.Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-7","article-title":"Air-writing recognition-part i: modeling and recognition of characters, words and connecting motions. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 46(3).","author":"M.Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-8","author":"L.Howe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comparison of Hand Segmentation Methodologies for Hand Gesture Recognition. In Information Technology"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29347-4_46"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2008.927109"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shih, C. L., Lee, W. Y., & Ku, Y. T. (2016). A vision-based fingertip-writing character recognition system. Journal of Computer and Communications, 4(04), 160-168.","DOI":"10.4236\/jcc.2016.44014"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shih, C. L., Lee, W. Y., & Ku, Y. T. (2016). A Vision-Based Fingertip-Writing Character Recognition System. Journal of Computer and Communications, 4(4), 160.","DOI":"10.4236\/jcc.2016.44014"},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-13","unstructured":"Vikram, S., Li, L., & Russell, S. (2013). Handwriting and Gestures in the Air, Recognizing on the Fly. In CHI 2013 Extended Abstracts. ACM."},{"key":"IJTD.2018010103-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1023803"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Technology Diffusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=194023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T10:12:18Z","timestamp":1651831938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/IJTD.2018010103"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijtd.2018010103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-9301","1947-931X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-9301","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-931X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}