{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:43:36Z","timestamp":1781109816001,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The effective design of a cognitive radio network must take into account economic and technical aspects. This article presents a commercial formulation of the spectrum by the primary operators who decide to sell a part of their spectrum to a group of cognitive users in order to earn money and to promote the efficient use of the spectrum. Three systems of spectrum pricing are compared and suggested, such as the cooperative price based on the optimization of the profits, the market equilibrium, and the competitive prices focused on the competition of Bertrand. The Bertrand model examines the influences of certain parameters of the system such as the quality of the channel based on the Nash equilibrium and the substitutability of the spectrum. The differences in the various aspects of these systems of pricing are presented through the graphs. The authors note through the obtained result that the profit of the primary operator depends not only on the demand quantity of the spectrum but also on the behavior of the primary operators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijtd.2019010101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T11:30:22Z","timestamp":1543577422000},"page":"1-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spectrum Trading Analyze in the Spectrum Sharing Framework in Cognitive Radio Networks"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Prince Semba","family":"Yawada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mesmin J. Mbyamm","family":"Kiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai Trung","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoecopol.2009.12.003"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chien, F. T., Chang, R. Y., & Chan, Y. W. (2015, September). Spectrum Trading in Cognitive Radio Networks Using Multistage Bayesian Game. In 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2015.7391153"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2012.2191418"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, X., Lin, W., Guan, Q., Qin, H., & Jiang, S. (2015, October). Coopetition spectrum trading in cognitive radio networks: Game-theoretic modeling approach. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Problem-Solving (ICCP) (pp. 18-21). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCPS.2015.7454079"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2677082"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-spr.2012.0396"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2264294"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filippini, I., Cesana, M., & Malanchini, I. (2013, July). Competitive spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks: A queuing theory based analysis. In 2013 First International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom) (pp. 238-242). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/BlackSeaCom.2013.6623416"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2725960"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, H., Sun, G., Wang, X., & Zhang, Q. (2012, March). Spectrum trading with insurance in cognitive radio networks. In INFOCOM, 2012 Proceedings IEEE (pp. 2041-2049). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2012.6195585"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-10","unstructured":"Kaniezhil, R., & Chandrasekar, C. (2012). Multiple service providers sharing spectrum using cognitive radio in wireless communication networks. arXiv:1210.3435"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCN.2011.6157251"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuzminskiy, A. M., Abramovich, Y. I., Xiao, P., & Tafazolli, R. (2016, September). Spectrum sharing efficiency analysis in rule regulated networks with decentralized occupation control. In 2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2016.7794580"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. M., Nguyen, H. V., & Dang, K. L. (2013, December). Hardware implementation of reception diversity techniques for spectrum sensing efficiency enhancement in cognitive radio network. In 2013 Third World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies (WICT) (pp. 69-73). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/WICT.2013.7113111"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25631-3"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastir\u010d\u00e1k, J., Gazda, J., & Kocur, D. (2014, September). A survey on the spectrum trading in dynamic spectrum access networks. In 2014 56th International Symposium ELMAR (ELMAR) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ELMAR.2014.6923334"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-16","author":"C.Paterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Federal Communications Commission (FCC)"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2013.2270954"},{"issue":"1","key":"IJTD.2019010101-18","article-title":"Short Term Spectrum Trading in Future LTE Based Cognitive Radio Systems.","volume":"9","author":"H. K.Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (Seoul)"},{"issue":"1","key":"IJTD.2019010101-19","first-page":"173","article-title":"Competitive and cooperative pricing for idle spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks.","volume":"35","author":"H. B.Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng, L. C., Chien, F. T., Chang, R. Y., & Chung, W. H. (2014, September). Distributed spectrum trading in multiple-seller cognitive radio networks. In 2014 IEEE 25th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communication (PIMRC) (pp. 1211-1216). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2014.7136352"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2014.6953091"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhan, S. C., & Chang, S. C. (2014, April). Design of truthful double auction for dynamic spectrum sharing. In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DYSPAN) (pp. 439-448). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/DySPAN.2014.6817827"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Zhang, G., Chen, Y., & Guo, L. (2014, October). A spectrum trading algorithm using an agent in cognitive radio networks. In 2014 6th International Congress on Ultra-Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT) (pp. 386-389). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUMT.2014.7002132"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S. B., Zhang, G. D., & Bao, Z. H. (2014). Spectrum trading algorithm based on agent in cognitive radio networks.","DOI":"10.1049\/ic.2014.0086"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ChinaSIP.2015.7230474"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-53288-2_6"},{"key":"IJTD.2019010101-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2672178"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Technology Diffusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=219331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T07:43:06Z","timestamp":1775288586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/IJTD.2019010101"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijtd.2019010101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-9301","1947-931X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-9301","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-931X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}}}