{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:32:01Z","timestamp":1753921921226},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Individual learners have different requirements and characteristics, and as a result learning content should be able to be personalized and adaptable to the e-learner' profile. Little research work undertaken to tackle this issue, and it has been limited to ad-hoc work on personalizing, and adapting learning content in e-Learning. This paper presents two methods for modeling user profile and for personalizing and adapting a given content to match that profile: inductive (without user intervention) and deductive (with user intervention). These methods will be used as a base to review and classify research work undertaken on personalizing content in the domain of knowledge management and e-learning systems. Based on these reviews, especially those undertaken in personalizing knowledge content in knowledge management systems, the paper proposes a comprehensive approach for personalizing learning content.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijtem.2014070107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,6]],"date-time":"2014-10-06T14:46:00Z","timestamp":1412606760000},"page":"75-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Improving Personalization In E-Learning Systems"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Assma","family":"Bezza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole National Sup\u00e9rieure d'Informatique, El Harrach, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Amar","family":"Balla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole National Sup\u00e9rieure d'Informatique, El Harrach, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Farhi","family":"Marir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, London Metropolitan University, London, UK"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijtem.2014070107-0","unstructured":"Anli, A. 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