{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:33:35Z","timestamp":1781102015810,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"abstract":"<p>During the last decade, rapid changes have occurred in the retail economy of North America that has brought about a functional transformation of retailing. Using data from a longitudinal database of commercial activity, this paper explores spatio-temporal patterns of retail development within Canada\u2019s largest metropolitan region, the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The paper provides an overview of the evolution of retailing in Canada and spatio-temporal analysis of the developing retail structure of the GTA. The work is situated within the branch of spatial statistics concerned with the description of spatial point processes. Bivariate kernel estimation and the G function are used to describe spatial patterns of retailing over time and by retail format type. The results highlight the wave of power centre retailing that swept across the GTA between 1996 and 2005. The paper concludes with a discussion of the gap between policy and planning and an emerging retail reality.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jagr.2013010103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]],"date-time":"2013-02-18T23:34:48Z","timestamp":1361230488000},"page":"32-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Retail Development in Urban Canada"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ron","family":"Buliung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Study of Commercial Activity, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jagr.2013010103-0","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spatstat: An R package for analyzing spatial point patterns.","volume":"12","author":"A.Baddley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"jagr.2013010103-1","author":"T. 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