{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:39:34Z","timestamp":1762875574605},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Dengue fever is an arboviral disease typical of the tropics that can be life-threatening and if not controlled properly may result in an epidemic. The absence of an effective vaccine makes strategies to prevent the virus transmission the most effective means of control. The planning of such strategies, however, is difficult due to the constant movement of individuals and mosquito host (Aedes aegypti). In this paper, the spatial and temporal relations that might exist between infected individuals during a dengue-epidemic year are explored. This research is motivated in that a deep understanding of potential transmission patterns between individuals might lead to a better design and planning of control strategies. A GIS-based Health Exploratory AnaLysis Tool (HELP) is used to compute space-time relationships by means of spatial K-function, kernel density, space-time K-function and linking pairs of cases within significant time and space intervals. Significant clustering was observed at a scale of 50 meters and 750 meters, respectively while temporal significance was determined at two days and five to eight days. While an increase of cases occurs in the months following severe droughts due to an El Ni\u00f1o phenomenon, the location of clusters remains relatively stable. These are observed near areas where potential habitats for the mosquito exist such as storm drains, hard surfaces where water accumulates (e.g., vases, containers), but also in poorer neighborhoods. The results from the spatial analysis provide valuable information for health care managers to take preventive actions at the municipality level.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jagr.2013100104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T22:36:26Z","timestamp":1385418986000},"page":"58-75","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Dengue Fever in Cali, Colombia"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Delmelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA"}]},{"given":"Jorge H.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Salud P\u00fablica Municipal, Santiago de Cali, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretario de Salud P\u00fablica Municipal, Santiago de Cali, Colombia"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jagr.2013100104-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-007-0132-3"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6123040"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-2","author":"T. C.Bailey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Interactive spatial data analysis"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-3","author":"B.Boots","year":"1988","journal-title":"Point pattern analysis. Sage Scientific Geography Series"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.10.021"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-5","author":"A. S. d.Cali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cali en cifras"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-6","author":"S. S. P. M. d.Cali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Historia del dengue en Cali. Endemia o una continua epidemia"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0160017609354760"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-8-49"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-9","unstructured":"Colombianos, M. G. (2011). Guia de atenci\u00f3n al dengue. 1-8. Retrieved January 16, 2011, from http:\/\/www.medicosgeneralescolombianos.com\/Dengue.htm"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008044910-4.00494-6"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12061-010-9048-2"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000411"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198515326.001.0001"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/622936"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.494","article-title":"Characteristics of the spatial pattern of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. In Iquitos, Peru.","volume":"69","author":"A.Getis","year":"2003","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-4-31"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-17","first-page":"23","article-title":"Epidemiology of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever","author":"S. B.Halstead","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-18","unstructured":"IDEAM Instituto de Hidrolog\u00eda. M., y Estudios Ambientales. (2010). Bolet\u00edn informativo sobre el monitoreo del fen\u00f3meno del Ni\u00f1o. IDEAM: Bogot\u00e1."},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000382"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.344","article-title":"Two clustering patterns identifed from the 2001-2003 dengue epidemic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.","volume":"79","author":"C.-C.Kan","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.70","article-title":"Suppression of dengue transmission by application of integrated vector control strategies at sero-positive GIS-based foci.","volume":"78","author":"P.Kittayapong","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.230","article-title":"Spatial and temporal patterns in pupal and adult production of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand.","volume":"79","author":"C. J. M.Koenraadt","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9272.2006.00521.x"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-24","article-title":"Factors influencing the transmission of dengue viruses","author":"G.Kumo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036196","article-title":"Review of the factors modulating dengue transmission.","volume":"17","author":"G.Kuno","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiologic Reviews"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/X204-4223-57MK-8273"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2009.00851.x"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050205"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-29","unstructured":"Maria, B., & Valencia, C. (2011). Colombian dengue epidemic exposes vulnerability to climate change. Relief Web, 8-10. Retrieved January 16, 2011, from http:\/\/www.reliefweb.int"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.678","article-title":"Human and mosquito infections by dengue viruses during and after epidemics in a dengue-endemic region of Colombia.","volume":"74","author":"F.M\u00e9ndez","year":"2006","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-226"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-32","author":"T.Monath","year":"1988","journal-title":"The arboviruses: Epidemiology and ecology"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.287","article-title":"Exploratory space-time analysis of reported dengue cases during an outbreak in Florida, Puerto Rico, 1991-1992.","volume":"58","author":"A. C.Morrison","year":"1998","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-34","year":"1960","journal-title":"Guia de los informes de la campana de erradicacion del Aedes aegypti en las Americas"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0766"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-36","first-page":"222","article-title":"El plan piloto de cali 1950.","volume":"1","author":"L. D. E.Restrepo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Revista Bitacora Urbano Territorial"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-9715(00)00030-2"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1998.00117.x"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-39","first-page":"63","article-title":"Exploratory temporal and spatial distribution analysis of denge notifications in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazilian Amazon, 1999-2001.","volume":"27","author":"M. G.Rosa-Freitas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dengue Bulletin"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-40","author":"M. P.Social","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sistema de vigilancia en salud p\u00fablica SIVIGILA"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.11.069"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-422"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1004.030186"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Re-emergence of dengue in the Americas.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epidemiological Bulletin"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-45","unstructured":"WHO (2009). Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever - Fact sheet no. 117."},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.034"},{"key":"jagr.2013100104-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-009-0080-1"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=95194","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T23:10:35Z","timestamp":1654125035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/jagr.2013100104"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jagr.2013100104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-9654","1947-9662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-9654","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-9662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]}}}