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When taking social relationships, especially in the collective situation, into account, planning ability is difficult to evolve in the case that the problem is complex because there is a conflict between personal and collective interests. Also, the simulation results indicate that sharing information facilitates evolution of the planning ability although the free rider problem tends to be more serious than the situation where agents do not share information. It implies that there is a strong connection between evolution of the planning ability and symbolic communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jalr.2011070103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T12:05:07Z","timestamp":1319025907000},"page":"22-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Constructive Approach to the Evolution of the Planning Ability"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Minoya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Unemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soka University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiji","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaya","family":"Arita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jalr.2011070103-0","first-page":"99","article-title":"The search for an evolutionary philosophy of man.","volume":"84","author":"R. 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