{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:23:07Z","timestamp":1781104987165,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"abstract":"<p>As in Australia school education is the responsibility of State Governments, this article will consider two computer systems in the Australian State of Victoria. The article takes a socio-technical stance to examine two computer systems currently in use in schools in Victoria: CASES21 and the Ultranet. After describing these systems, the article makes use of actor-network theory to explore the actors involved in their creation, development, implementation and use (or in one case non-use), and the networks they established in doing so. It looks at the associations involving both the human and non-human actors and how these contributed to successful adoption and use of these systems. A comparison of two systems within the same organisational environment allows a unique perspective on the formation of networks. The ANT approach permits an understanding of the difference in adoption where very few factors differ between the cases.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jantti.2013070104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,5]],"date-time":"2013-12-05T11:43:45Z","timestamp":1386243825000},"page":"37-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Two Computer Systems in Victorian Schools and the Actors and Networks Involved in their Implementation and Use"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3823-2144","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bill","family":"Davey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business IT and Logistics, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Tatnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, College of Business, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jantti.2013070104-0","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Statistics Victoria, Mar 2010. Retrieved November 2010, from http:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/AUSSTATS\/abs@.nsf\/Lookup\/1100.2Main+Features3Mar+2010"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-1","unstructured":"Australian Education Union - Victoria. (2012). EBA 2012: Branch executive EBA resolution. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from http:\/\/www.aeuvic.asn.au\/139628_17_8761012.html"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-2","unstructured":"Birse, J. (1994). Victorian administrative computing unit. Taped interview. Melbourne, Australia."},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Callon, M. (1986). Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay. Power, action & belief. A new sociology of knowledge? (pp. 196-229). J. Law. London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-954X.1984.tb00113.x"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-35689-1_8"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37285-8_17"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-6","unstructured":"DEECD. (2010). Ultranet - Students@Centre trial. Retrieved December 2012, from http:\/\/www.education.vic.gov.au\/about\/programs\/learningdev\/Pages\/ultranettrial.aspx"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-7","unstructured":"Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2010a). Students@Centre - research and development. Retrieved May 2010, from http:\/\/www.education.vic.gov.au\/management\/ultranet\/research.htm"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-8","unstructured":"Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2010b). Summary statistics for Victorian schools. Retrieved November 2010, from http:\/\/www.education.vic.gov.au\/about\/publications\/newsinfo\/factsandfigures.htm"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-9","unstructured":"Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2010c). Ultranet. Retrieved May 2010, from http:\/\/www.education.vic.gov.au\/management\/ultranet\/default.htm"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-10","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultranet - Getting started (Release 1), resources for teachers. Department of Education and Early Childhood Development"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-11","unstructured":"Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2010e). Ultranet - Students@Centre trial. Retrieved November 2010, from http:\/\/www.education.vic.gov.au\/about\/directions\/ultranet\/trial.htm"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-12","unstructured":"Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2011). CASES21. Retrieved January 2012, from http:\/\/www.education.vic.gov.au\/management\/ictsupportservices\/cases21\/functionality.htm"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-13","unstructured":"Department of Education and Early Childhood Development \u2013 Victoria. (2013). S245-2013 DEECD and NEC sign agreement to facilitate continued provision of the Ultranet. Victoria."},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-14","author":"P.Griffin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Evaluation of the pilot implementation of the Student@Centre ultranet in Victorian schools"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-15","first-page":"264","article-title":"The powers of association. Power, Action and Belief. A New Sociology of Knowledge?","volume":"32","author":"B.Latour","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sociological Review. Mongraph"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-07408-2_5","article-title":"The heterogeneity of texts","author":"J.Law","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mapping the dynamics of science and technology"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-34839-1_13"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tatnall, A., & Dakich, E. (2011). Informing parents with the Victorian education ultranet. Informing Science and IT Education, Novi Sad, Serbia, Informing Science.","DOI":"10.28945\/1482"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-19","unstructured":"Tatnall, A., Dakich, E., & Davey, W. (2011). The ultranet as a future social network: An actor-network analysis. In N. Wickramasinghe, Lechner, U., Pucihar, A., Gricar, J. & Mamnik, M. Bled (Eds.), Proceedings of the 24th Bled eConference (pp. 348-360). Slovenia: University of Maribor."},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-20","first-page":"59","article-title":"Open ITEM systems are good ITEM systems","author":"A.Tatnall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Institutional improvement through information technology in educational management"},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-21","unstructured":"Tatnall, A., Davey, W., Dakich, E., & Wickramasinghe, N. (2013). The ultranet: An egovernment project management failure? In D. Lux Wigand, Carlsson, C., Clarke, R., Pucihar, A. & K. Bor\u0161tnar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th Bled eConference, eInnovations: Challenges and Impacts for Individuals, Organizations and Society, M. Bled, Slovenia (pp. 32-47)."},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-22","unstructured":"Tatnall, A., Michael, I., & Dakich, E. (2011). The Victorian schools ultranet - An Australian egovernment initiative. International Information Systems Conference - iiSC 2011, Muscat, Oman, Sultan Qaboos University."},{"key":"jantti.2013070104-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tatnall, A., & Pitman, A. (2002). Issues of decentralization and central control in educational management: The enabling and shaping role of information technology. In D. Passey & Kendall, M. (Eds.), Tele-learning: The challenge of the Third Millennium. 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