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The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by evolving machine code for a 4-bit multiplier with three different levels of parallelism. The results show that 100% successful solutions were found by CGP and by further optimising the size of the solutions, it\u2019s possible to find efficient implementations of the 4-bit multiplier. Further analysis of the solutions showed that use of loops within the CGP function set could be beneficial and was demonstrated by repeating the earlier 4-bit multiplier experiment with the addition of a loop function.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jaras.2012100103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T12:16:00Z","timestamp":1358165760000},"page":"32-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Automatic Machine Code Generation for a Transport Triggered Architecture using Cartesian Genetic Programming"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"James Alfred","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Tempesti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Timmis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Electronics and Computer Science, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy M.","family":"Tyrrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jaras.2012100103-0","author":"H.Corporaal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microprocessor architectures: From VLIW to TTA"},{"key":"jaras.2012100103-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajda, Z., & Sekanina, L. 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Giacobini (Eds.), Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Genetic Programming (LNCS 6621, pp. 298-309).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20407-4_26"},{"key":"jaras.2012100103-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Timmis, J., Qadir, O., Tempesti, G., & Tyrrell, A. M. (2010). A developmental and immune-inspired dynamic task allocation algorithm for microprocessor array systems. In E. Hart, C. McEwan, J. Timmis, & S. Hone (Eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems (LNCS 6209, pp. 199-212).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14547-6_16"},{"key":"jaras.2012100103-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491"},{"key":"jaras.2012100103-6","unstructured":"Miller, J. F. (1999). An empirical study of the efficiency of learning boolean functions using a Cartesian genetic programming approach. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (Vol. 2, pp. 1135-1142). 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Universitat Dortmund am Fachereich Informatik, Dortmund, Germany."},{"key":"jaras.2012100103-11","author":"B.Parhami","year":"2000","journal-title":"Computer arithmetic: Algorithms and hardware designs"},{"key":"jaras.2012100103-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossier, J., Thoma, Y., Mudry, P. A., & Tempesti, G. (2006). MOVE processors that self-replicate and differentiate. In A. J. Ijspeert, T. Masuzawa, & S. 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