{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:54:58Z","timestamp":1781106898427,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<p>The Hispanic population has become the largest ethnic minority group in the United States. To successfully incorporate this population in adult vocational training, social service, and health programs, it is essential that programs design and implement materials at a reading level appropriate for the population served. This study determines the reading level in a population of Hispanic adult substance users receiving HIV prevention services in Long Beach, California. One hundred seven Spanish speakers were administered the Spanish Reading Comprehension Test. Spanish reading ability was determined to be at the third grade level for this sample. Results suggest that substance-using subpopulations of Spanish speakers in the Southwest United States face considerable language and literacy barriers. Findings have implications for adult vocational training as well as social service and health programs that include Hispanic subpopulations, and highlight the importance of designing materials that do not exceed the reading abilities of target populations.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/javet.2011040104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T12:00:37Z","timestamp":1319025637000},"page":"42-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Literacy Level and Vocational Training for Substance-Using Hispanic Adults"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Michele M.","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University, Fullerton, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis G.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University, Long Beach, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace L.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University, Long Beach, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yesenia","family":"Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University, Long Beach, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University, Long Beach, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"javet.2011040104-0","author":"N.Berkman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Literacy and health outcomes (Tech. Rep. No. AHRQ 04-E007-2)"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Acculturation as varieties of adaptation","author":"J. W.Berry","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acculturation: Theory, models and some new findings"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002202217400500402"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-3","first-page":"59","article-title":"Acculturation and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Mexican Americans in Los Angeles.","volume":"28","author":"M. A.Burnham","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1965.67.2.02a00050"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-004-1959-x"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/107319119400100407","article-title":"Reliability of drug users' self-reported HIV risk behaviors and validity of self-reported recent drug use.","volume":"1","author":"S.Dowling-Guyer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.13.1.33"},{"issue":"6","key":"javet.2011040104-8","first-page":"568","article-title":"Assessing the readability of health education messages.","volume":"94","author":"V. S.Freimuth","year":"1979","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"javet.2011040104-9","first-page":"16","article-title":"Literacy behind bars: Results from the 2003 national assessment of adult literacy prison survey, executive summary.","volume":"30","author":"E.Greenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal for Vocational Special Needs Education"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-10","author":"B.Guzman","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Hispanic population"},{"issue":"3","key":"javet.2011040104-11","first-page":"218","article-title":"Meeting the challenge of adult education: A bilinigual approach to literacy and career development.","volume":"47","author":"A. G.Huerta-Macias","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-12","author":"S.Imel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Work force education: Beyond technical skills (Trends and issues alert no. 1)"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/0314-YCWJ-LX7T-HWL3"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-14","first-page":"323","article-title":"Assessing reading level of drug users for HIV and AIDS prevention purposes.","volume":"8","author":"M. E.Johnson","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS Education and Prevention"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.1.112"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-16","author":"M.Kutner","year":"2005","journal-title":"National assessment of adult literacy (NAAL): A first look at the literacy of America\u2019s adults in the 21st century (Tech. Rep. No. NCES 2006-470)"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-17","author":"M.Kutner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Literacy in everyday life: Results from the 2003 national assessment of adult literacy"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0362-6784.00062"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-19","unstructured":"Liming, D., & Wolf, M. (2008). Job outlook by education, 2006-16. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ooq\/2008\/fall\/art01.pdf"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219409359342"},{"issue":"5","key":"javet.2011040104-21","first-page":"221","article-title":"How reliable is computerized assessment of readability.","volume":"13","author":"S. L.Mailloux","year":"1995","journal-title":"Computers in Nursing"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219409359341"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-23","author":"S.Moreno","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spanish reading comprehension test"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0954012031000068362"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-25","year":"2003","journal-title":"National assessment of adult literacy"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-26","year":"2010","journal-title":"The condition of education 2010"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-27","year":"1993","journal-title":"Risk behavior assessment questionnaire"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-28","first-page":"139","article-title":"The relationship betwen acculturation and ethnic minority mental health","author":"P. B.Organista","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-29","author":"A.Portes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Legacies: The story of the immigrant second generation"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-30","author":"R. R.Ramirez","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Hispanic population in the United States: March 2002"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-31","author":"F. L.Rivera-Batiz","year":"1995","journal-title":"The impact of vocational education on racial and ethnic minorities"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.46.6.585"},{"issue":"2","key":"javet.2011040104-33","first-page":"99","article-title":"Validity of injecting drug users' self report of Hepatitis A, B, and C.","volume":"16","author":"E. G.Schlicting","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Laboratory Science"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/108729103322108166"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/108729103322555971"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1598\/JAAL.50.2.4"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1986.tb00542.x"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-38","year":"2004","journal-title":"Literacy at work: The L.A workforce literacy project"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-39","first-page":"3","article-title":"Introduction: Social change and acculturation","author":"J.Trimble","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-40","year":"1996","journal-title":"Population projections of the United States by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin: 1995 to 2050"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-41","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. (2001). The Hispanic population 2000 (Tech. Rep. No. C2KBR\/01-3). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce."},{"key":"javet.2011040104-42","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). Hispanic heritage month 2010: Sept. 15 - Oct. 15. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.census.gov\/newsroom\/releases\/pdf\/cb10ff-17_hispanic.pdf"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-43","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adult and family literacy: Current and future research directions\u2014a workshop summary"},{"issue":"1","key":"javet.2011040104-44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X028001021","article-title":"Adult literacy: The next generation.","volume":"28","author":"D. A.Wagner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"javet.2011040104-45","year":"2006","journal-title":"WES grade conversion guide"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=53848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:16:08Z","timestamp":1654128968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/javet.2011040104"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/javet.2011040104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-8607","1947-878X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-8607","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-878X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]}}}