{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T08:45:54Z","timestamp":1768985154587,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prediction of software development is the key task for the effective management of any software industry. The accuracy and reliability of the prediction mechanisms used for the estimation of software development effort is also important. A series of experiments are conducted to gradually progress towards the improved accurate estimation of the software development effort. However, while conducting these experiments, it was found that the size of the training set was not sufficient to train a large and complex artificial neural network (ANN). To overcome the problem of the size of the available training data set, a novel multilayered architecture based on a neural network model is proposed. The accuracy of the proposed multi-layered model is assessed using different criteria, which proves the pre-eminence of the proposed model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jcit.2019040106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T13:59:45Z","timestamp":1549461585000},"page":"88-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis and Comparison of Neural Network Models for Software Development Effort Estimation"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSE, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, India"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, India"}]},{"given":"Vachik S.","family":"Dave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSE, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, India"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIINFS.2010.5578675"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attarzadeh, I., & Ow, S. H. (2010). Proposing a New Software Cost Estimation Model Based on Artificial Neural Networks. In 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology (ICCET1) (Vol. 3, pp. 487-491). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCET.2010.5485840"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-2","article-title":"A meta-model for software development and resource expenditures","author":"J. W.Bailey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Software Engineering"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SERA.2010.41"},{"issue":"7","key":"JCIT.2019040106-4","first-page":"2950","article-title":"Software development effort estimation \u2013neural network vs. regression modeling approach","volume":"2","author":"R.Bhatnagar","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-5","author":"B. W.Boehm","year":"1981","journal-title":"Software Engineering Economics"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-6","author":"B. W.Boehm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Software Cost Estimation with Cocomo II"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PGEC.1965.264137"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-8","unstructured":"Dave, V. S., & Dutta, K. (2011a). Application of Feed-Forward Neural Network in Estimation of Software Effort. In IJCA Proceedings on International Symposium on Devices MEMS, Intelligent Systems & Communication (ISDMISC) (pp. 5-9). New York: Foundation of Computer Science."},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dave, V. S., & Dutta, K. (2011b). Neural Network based Software Effort Estimation and Evaluation Criterion MMRE. In IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology ICCCT-2011, Allahabad.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCT.2011.6075192"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2020976.2020982"},{"issue":"2","key":"JCIT.2019040106-11","first-page":"295","article-title":"Neural network based models for software effort estimation: A review, Artificial Intelligence Review","volume":"42","author":"V. S.Dave","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Review"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(97)00055-1"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-13","article-title":"MRE and heteroscedasticity: an empirical validation of the assumption of homoscedasticity of the magnitude of relative error","author":"T.Foss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Software Metrics"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1245300"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-15","author":"M. H.Halstead","year":"1977","journal-title":"Elements of Software Science (Operating and programming systems series)"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-5849(02)00128-3"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-17","author":"J. R.Herd","year":"1977","journal-title":"Software cost estimation study: Study results (Final Technical Report, RADC-TR77- 220)"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-18","first-page":"433","author":"A.Ideri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Validating and Understanding Software Cost Estimation Models based on Neural Networks. In Information and Communication Technologies from Theory to Applications"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ideri, A., Abran, A., & Mbarki, S. (2006). An Experiment on the Design of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks for Software Cost Estimation. In Information and Communication Technologies, ICTTA (pp. 1612 -1617). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTTA.2006.1684625"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ.2002.1006668"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SNPD.2009.49"},{"issue":"1","key":"JCIT.2019040106-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2007.256943","article-title":"A systematic review of software development cost estimation studies.","volume":"33","author":"M.Jorgensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCTA.2007.89"},{"issue":"1","key":"JCIT.2019040106-24","first-page":"316","article-title":"Computing MMRE and RMSSE of software efforts using neural network based approaches and comparing with traditional models of estimation","volume":"3","author":"M.Kaur","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science and Technology"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7763\/IJCTE.2010.V2.109"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-sen:20010506"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00041-X"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2014.10.033"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-29","first-page":"544","article-title":"Reusability in Software effort estimation model based on artificial neural network for predicting effort in software development, research cell","volume":"4","author":"J.Mahajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Science"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2011.020122"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.08.001"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.11.085"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Port, D., & Korte, M. (2008). Comparative Studies of the Model Evaluation Criterions MMRE and PRED in Software Cost Estimation Research. In Proceedings of the Second ACM-IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering and measurement (pp. 51-60). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/1414004.1414015"},{"issue":"1","key":"JCIT.2019040106-34","first-page":"188","article-title":"A Concise Neural Network Model for Estimating Software Effort.","volume":"1","author":"C. S.Reddy","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-5849(96)01124-X"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2011.12.008"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-37","unstructured":"Prasad Reddy, P.V.G.D., Sudha, K.R., Rama, P. & Ramesh S.N.S.V.S.C. (2010). Software effort estimation using radial basis and generalized regression neural networks. Journal of Computers, 2(5), 87\u201392."},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023010612345"},{"issue":"5","key":"JCIT.2019040106-39","article-title":"Software Estimating Technology: A Survey","volume":"9","author":"R. D.Stutzke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crosstalk"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-40","article-title":"Neural Network Approach for Software Cost Estimation.","author":"N.Tadayon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC\u201905)"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2007.4371055"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.05.011"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4156\/ijact.vol3.issue10.8"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1993.714077"},{"key":"JCIT.2019040106-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.161.0054"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cases on Information Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=223177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T19:48:20Z","timestamp":1651780100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/JCIT.2019040106"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jcit.2019040106","relation":{},"ISSN":["1548-7717","1548-7725"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1548-7717","type":"print"},{"value":"1548-7725","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}}}