{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:36:03Z","timestamp":1781109363633,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]},"abstract":"<p>E-learning provides a convenient and efficient way for learning. Formative assessment not only guides student in instruction and learning, diagnose skill or knowledge gaps, but also measures progress and evaluation. An efficient and convenient e-learning formative assessment system is the key character for e-learning. However, most e-learning systems didn\u2019t provide methods for assessing learners\u2019 abilities but true-score mode. In this article, Sato\u2019s Student-Problem Chart (SP Chart) is applied to integrate with our proposed on-line assessment system. Teachers are able to analyze each learner easily and efficiently. In addition, the Bloom Taxonomy of Educational Objective supports each item in our assessment management system during the authoring time. In our proposed system, it provides groups of function for student, teacher, and system administrator. According to the SP Chart analysis and Bloom taxonomy of items, we can divide all items into four types, and students into six types. With these types of diagnosis analysis chart, teacher can modify or delete the items which are not proper. With diagnosis analysis chart of students, teachers can realize learners\u2019 learning situation easily and efficiently.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jdet.2009062401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,30]],"date-time":"2010-04-30T09:38:03Z","timestamp":1272620283000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Using S-P Chart and Bloom Taxonomy to Develop Intelligent Formative Assessment Tool"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wen-Chih","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chung Hua University, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsuan-Che","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TungNan University, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy K.","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia University, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis R.","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tamkang University, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jdet.2009062401-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15430421tip4104_8"},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-1","unstructured":"Anderson, W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's educational objectives. New York, NY: Longman."},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-2","unstructured":"Black, P., & William, D. (1998). Inside the black box: Raising standards through classroom assessment. Phi Delta Kappan, 80(2), 139-148. (Available online: Hhttp:\/\/www.pdkintl.org\/kappan\/kbla9810.htmH.)"},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-3","unstructured":"Bloom, B., Englehart, M., Furst, E., Hill, W., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. In Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain New York: Longmans Green."},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-4","unstructured":"Brown, F. G. (1971). Measurement and Evaluation. Itasca, Illinois: F.E. Peacock."},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/167K-BQHU-UGGF-HX75"},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2729.2000.00132.x"},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-7","unstructured":"Bybee, R. W. (1997). Achieving scientific literacy: From purposes to practices. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann."},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2004.00091.x"},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-9","first-page":"1007","article-title":"The Design and Implementation of a Diagnostic Test System Based on the Enhanced S-P Model.","volume":"21","author":"D. J.Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science and Engineering"},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-10","unstructured":"Dai, C. Y., Cheng, J. K., Sung, J. K., & Ho, C. P. (2005). An Applied Model of SP Chart in the Technological and Vocational Schools Entrance Examination, Redesigning Pedagogy: Research, Policy, Practice. International Conference on Education. Singapore: Nanyang Technological University."},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-11","unstructured":"Ebel, R. L., & Frisbie, D. A. (1991). Essentials of educational measurement (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-12","unstructured":"Glaser, R. (1962). Psychology and instructional technology. In R. Glaser (Ed.), Training, research and education. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press."},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-13","unstructured":"Kazuo, Y. (2007). The preparation of the S-P Table. Hhttp:\/\/www.kasei.ac.jp\/cs\/Yamanoi\/Program\/sphyo\/index-e.htmlH [Last access July 11th, 2007]"},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0057123"},{"issue":"5","key":"jdet.2009062401-15","first-page":"985","article-title":"Courseware Development Using Influence Diagram Supporting e-Learning Specification.","volume":"21","author":"N. H.Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science and Engineering"},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-16","unstructured":"Olly, G., Scharff, C., & Wildenberg, A. (2008). Teaching software quality assurance by encouraging student contributions to an open source web-based system for the assessment of programming assignments. Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (pp. 214-218)."},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-17","unstructured":"Sato, T. (1975). The Construction and Interpretation of the S-P Table \u2212 Instructional Analysis and Learning Diagnosis. Tokyo, Japan: Meiji Tosho."},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-18","first-page":"C","article-title":"The S-P Chart and the Caution Index.","volume":"80-1","author":"T.Sato","year":"1980","journal-title":"NEC Educational Information Bulletin"},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-19","unstructured":"Sato, T. (1985). Introduction to S-P Curve Theory Analysis and Evaluation. Tokyo, Japan: Meiji Tosho. (in Japanese)."},{"key":"jdet.2009062401-20","unstructured":"Scriven, M. (1967). The methodology of evaluation. In R. 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