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Second, online teaching and learning evaluation data from instructors and learners can be collected by iCLSR and can be analyzed with an improved PSK-means clustering algorithm. Third, the learning object lists can be recommended for learners based on online evaluation results and their learning history. The application of iCLSR demonstrates that it can recommend appropriate learning materials for learners, inspire communication between learners and instructors, save time for users and therefore improve the instructional effects and learning performance.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jdet.2013070108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]],"date-time":"2013-09-03T16:18:25Z","timestamp":1378225105000},"page":"109-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Instructional and Collaborative Learning System with Content Recommendation"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiang-wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Distributed Computer Software Novel Technology, School of Information Science & Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"}]},{"given":"Hong-wei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science & Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science & Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jdet.2013070108-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jdet.2011040103"},{"key":"jdet.2013070108-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9827-7_1"},{"key":"jdet.2013070108-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, Q. 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