{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:02:11Z","timestamp":1747224131914,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Propagation modeling has attracted much interest because it plays an important role in wireless network planning and optimization. Deterministic approaches such as ray tracing and ray launching have been investigated, however, due to the running time constraint, these approaches are still not widely used. In previous work, an intelligent ray launching algorithm, namely IRLA, has been proposed. The IRLA has proven to be a fast and accurate algorithm and adapts to wireless network planning well. This article focuses on the development of a parallel ray launching algorithm based on the IRLA. Simulations are implemented, and evaluated performance shows that the parallelization greatly shortens the running time. The COST231 Munich scenario is adopted to verify algorithm behavior in real world environments, and observed results show a 5 times increased speedup upon a 16-processor cluster. In addition, the parallelization algorithm can be easily extended to larger scenarios with sufficient physical resources.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jdst.2011040101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T16:14:58Z","timestamp":1319040898000},"page":"1-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Development of a Parallel Ray Launching Algorithm for Wireless Network Planning"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bedfordshire, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6013-3935","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nik","family":"Bessis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bedfordshire, UK"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"De La Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Science of Western Switzerland, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Kuonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Science of Western Switzerland, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bedfordshire, UK"}]},{"given":"Gordon J.","family":"Clapworthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bedfordshire, UK"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jdst.2011040101-0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198529392.001.0001","author":"R.Bisseling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parallel scientific computation: A structured approach using BSP and MPI"},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2009.2012577"},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2009.2016696"},{"journal-title":"The grid2, blueprint for a new computing infrastructure","year":"2003","author":"I.Foster","key":"jdst.2011040101-3"},{"journal-title":"An introduction to ray tracing","year":"1989","author":"A.Glassner","key":"jdst.2011040101-4"},{"journal-title":"Essentials of radio wave propagation","year":"2008","author":"C.Haslett","key":"jdst.2011040101-5"},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-6","unstructured":"Kerrighed. (1998). What is Kerrighed? Retrieved from http:\/\/www.Kerrighed.org"},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, Z., Bessis, N., De La Roche, G., Kuonen, P., Zhang, J., & Clapworthy, G. (2009, November). A new approach to solve angular dispersion of discrete ray launching for urban scenarios. In Proceedings of the Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference Leicestershire, UK (pp. 133-136).","DOI":"10.1109\/LAPC.2009.5352420"},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-8","unstructured":"Lai, Z., Bessis, N., De La Roche, G., Kuonen, P., Zhang, J., & Clapworthy, G. (2010, April). On the use of an intelligent ray launching for indoor scenarios. In Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Barcelona, Spain."},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, Z., Bessis, N., De La Roche, G., Kuonen, P., Zhang, J., & Clapworthy, G. (2010, April). The characterisation of human-body influence on 3.5 GHz indoor path loss measurement. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Planning and Optimization of Wireless Communication Networks, Barcelona, Spain (pp. 1-6).","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNCW.2010.5487656"},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-10","unstructured":"Lai, Z., Bessis, N., De La Roche, G., Song, H., Zhang, J., & Clapworthy, G. (2009, March). An intelligent ray launching for urban propagation prediction. In Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Berlin, Germany (pp. 2867-2871)."},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, Z., Bessis, N., Kuonen, P., De La Roche, G., Zhang, J., & Clapworthy, G. (2009, August). A performance evaluation of a grid-enabled object-oriented parallel outdoor ray launching for wireless network coverage prediction. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, Cannes, France (pp. 38-43).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWMC.2009.14"},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-12","unstructured":"Lai, Z., Bessis, N., Zhang, J., & Clapworthy, G. (2007, September). Some thoughts on adaptive grid-enabled optimisation algorithms for wireless network simulation and planning. In Proceedings of the UK e-Science, All Hands Meeting, Nottingham, UK (pp. 615-620)."},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-13","unstructured":"Nagy, L., Dady, R., & Farkasvolgyi, A. (2009, March). Algorithmic complexity of FDTD and ray tracing method for indoor propagation modelling. In Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Berlin, Germany."},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-14","unstructured":"Nguyen, T. (2004). An object-oriented model for adaptive high-performance computing on the computational grid. Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 informatique et communications, Zurich, Switzerland."},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2006.04.012"},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rick, T., & Mathar, R. (2007, March). Fast edge-diffraction based radio wave propagation model for graphics hardware. In Proceedings of the 2nd International ITG Conference (pp. 15-19).","DOI":"10.1109\/INICA.2007.4353923"},{"journal-title":"Operating system concepts with java","year":"2006","author":"A.Silberschatz","key":"jdst.2011040101-17"},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-18","unstructured":"Universitat Karlshrue. (n. d.). COST231 urban micro cell measurements and building data. Retrieved from http:\/\/www2.ihe.uni-karlsruhe.de\/forschung\/cost231\/cost231.en.html"},{"key":"jdst.2011040101-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfle, G., Gschwendtner, B., & Landstorfer, F. (1997, May). 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