{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:12:29Z","timestamp":1781107949516,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Sub-Saharan Africa is a region characterised by high rates of several deadly diseases most especially HIV\/AIDS. HIV\/AIDS alone has claimed the life of many people and turned many innocent children to orphans. There is relatively little consistent or reliable data that can be used for surveillance, monitoring, and management of these diseases in the region HIV\/AIDS inclusive. To alleviate the problem of patchy and inconsistent epidemiological data, a well structured, interoperable spatial data model for HIV\/AIDS surveillance and monitoring is proposed for Nigeria in this paper. This paper initially reviews some of the existing health data models which were modified and extended to develop a data model for HIV\/AIDS surveillance, monitoring, and management. The data model captures information required for the development of HIV\/AIDS surveillance systems. The model is developed using the Unified Modelling Language. The work aims to produce the model as an open standard in order to promote collaboration and encourage researchers in developing nations to contribute to the maintenance of the data model. The model is implemented in XML, and will be applied to a system using service oriented architecture.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jehmc.2012040104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,16]],"date-time":"2012-05-16T09:58:50Z","timestamp":1337162330000},"page":"66-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Spatial Data Model for HIV\/AIDS Surveillance and Monitoring in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3883-3310","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter Adebayo","family":"Idowu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-0","unstructured":"Adegoke, R. (2008, April 22). HIV\/AIDS killed 400,000 in 2007. Nigeria Tribune. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.tribune.com.ng\/22042008\/news\/news10.html"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-1","author":"O.Adeyi","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS in Nigeria: a nation on the threshold (Harvard series on population and international health)"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/b97223","author":"S.Alhir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Guide to applying the UML"},{"issue":"5","key":"jehmc.2012040104-3","article-title":"Spatial analysis of malaria incidence at the village level in areas with unstable transmission in Ethiopia.","volume":"8","author":"K. Y.Asnakew","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-4","unstructured":"Avert. (2008). HIV and AIDS in Nigeria. Retrieved April 13, 2010, from [REMOVED HYPERLINK FIELD]http:\/\/www.avert.org\/aids-nigeria.htm"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-5","unstructured":"Beale, T., & Heard, S. (2005). The open EHR common information model. Retrieved May 26, 2010, from http:\/\/www.openehr.org\/releases\/1.0\/architecture\/rm\/common_im.pdf"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-6","unstructured":"Business Intelligence Solutions. (2004). Data model, data standards and XML. Retrieved June 12, 2010, from http:\/\/www.knowledge-integrity.com\/columns\/bi200401.htm"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-7","unstructured":"Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2001). Conceptual health data model version 2.3. Retrieved from http:\/\/secure.cihi.ca\/cihiweb\/en\/downloads\/infostand_chdm_e_CHDMv2_31.pdf"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2000). Public health conceptual data model. US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service. Retrieved May 3, 2010, from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nedss\/DataModels\/phcdm.pdf"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-9","unstructured":"Chandra. (2008). History of HIV AIDS. Retrieved December 3, 2010, from http:\/\/historyofhivaids.blogspot.com\/"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-10","year":"2008","journal-title":"Redefining AIDS in Asia: crafting an effective response"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-11","unstructured":"Deadly, H. IV-TB co-epidemic Sweeps sub-Saharan Africa. (2007, November 2). Terra Daily. Retrieved November 10, 2010, from http:\/\/http:\/\/www.terradaily.com\/reports\/Deadly_HIV-TB_co-epidemic_sweeps_sub-Saharan_Africa_report_999.html"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-12","unstructured":"DICOM. (2007). Digital imaging and communication in medicine Part 1: Introduction and overview. Rosslyn, VA: National Electrical Manufacturer Association. Retrieved June 22, 2010, from http:\/\/medical.nema.org\/dicom\/2007\/07_01pu.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"jehmc.2012040104-13","first-page":"277","article-title":"A survey and analysis of electronic healthcare record standard.","volume":"37","author":"M.Eichelberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-14","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health (FMH) & The National Action Committee on AIDS. (NACA). (2002). HIV\/AIDS: What it means for Nigeria (Background, projections, impact, interventions, and policy) (1st ed.). Abuja, Nigeria: Author."},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-15","year":"2006","journal-title":"The 2005 national HIV seroprevalence sentinel survey among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Nigeria: Summary position paper"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-17","unstructured":"Gornik, D. (2003). Entity relationship modelling with UML. International business machine: A technical discussion on modelling with UML. Retrieved November 22, 2010, from http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/rational\/library\/319.html"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-18","unstructured":"HL7. On the front lines of interoperability. (2006, January). HL7 News. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.hl7.org\/"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-19","unstructured":"Hay, D. C. (1999). A comparison of data modelling techniques. Retrieved November 22, 2008, from http:\/\/www.essentialstrategies.com\/publications\/modeling\/compare.htm"},{"issue":"1","key":"jehmc.2012040104-20","first-page":"20","article-title":"Health informatics deployment in Nigeria.","volume":"2","author":"P.Idowu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-21","unstructured":"Idowu, P. A., Cornford, D., & Bastin, L. (2009). A conceptual data model for disease surveillance, monitoring and prediction in Nigeria. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Health Informatics, Porto, Portugal (pp. 473-480)."},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-22","unstructured":"Information technology to improve epidemiological data. (2008). Industry News. Retrieved November 10, 2010, from http:\/\/www.pharmaceuticalsinsight.com\/file\/69260\/information-technology-to-improve-epidemiological-data.html"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/095646204322916597"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-24","unstructured":"Military recorded 94, 000 cases of HIV\/AIDS in five years. (2010, November 13). Nigeria Tribune. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.punchontheweb.com\/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art200811132295687"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(00)47013-2"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-26","author":"T.Pyke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Measuring poverty in Nigeria"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558706298288"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-28","year":"2004","journal-title":"Report on the global AIDS epidemic"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-29","unstructured":"UNAIDS. (2006, December). AIDS epidemics update. Retrieved July 27, 2010, from http:\/\/data.unaids.org\/pub\/EPISlides\/2007\/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-30","unstructured":"UNAIDS. (2007, December). AIDS epidemic update (UNAIDS\/07.27E\/JC1322E). Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS."},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-31","unstructured":"UNAIDS. (2008). Report on the global AIDS epidemics. Retrieved July 27, 2010 from http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/KnowledgeCentre\/HIVData\/GlobalReport\/2008\/"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-32","unstructured":"UNDP. (2008). Human development reports: Human and income poverty, developing countries. Retrieved May 12, 2010, from http:\/\/hdrstats.undp.org\/indicators\/17.html"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-33","unstructured":"USAIDS. (2002). HIV\/AIDS in Nigeria: A USAIDS brief. Retrieved June 7, 2010, from http:\/\/www.aegis.com\/files \/synergyaids\/nigeria.pdf"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932006001489"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10651-006-0002-z"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8493571"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-37","unstructured":"WHO\/UNAIDS. (2008). Global epidemic of HIV\/AIDS. Retrieved October 8, 2010, from http:\/\/www.avert.org\/wwhiv.htm"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-38","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). (2000). World health report. Retrieved September 14, 2010, from http:\/\/www.sdnbd.org\/sdi\/issues\/health\/world-health-report-2000.htm"},{"key":"jehmc.2012040104-39","year":"2006","journal-title":"Preventing HIV\/AIDS in young people: A systematic review of the evidence from developing countries. UNAIDS Inter-Agency task team on young people"}],"container-title":["International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=66418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T12:26:56Z","timestamp":1654086416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/jehmc.2012040104"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jehmc.2012040104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-315X","1947-3168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-315X","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-3168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]}}}