{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T17:54:59Z","timestamp":1720288499904},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) require an automated firmware updating protocol for adding new features or error fixes. Reprogramming nodes manually is often impractical or even impossible. Current update protocols require a large external memory or external WSN transport protocol. This paper presents the design, implementation, and experiments of a Program Image Dissemination Protocol (PIDP) for autonomous WSNs. It is reliable, lightweight and it supports multi-hopping. PIDP does not require external memory, is independent of the WSN implementation, transfers firmware, and reprograms the whole program image. It was implemented on a node platform with an 8-bit microcontroller and a 2.4 GHz radio. Implementation requires 22 bytes of data memory and less than 7 kilobytes of program memory. PIDP updates 178 nodes within 5 hours. One update consumes under 1\u2030 of the energy of two AA batteries.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jertcs.2011070103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T16:18:56Z","timestamp":1319041136000},"page":"50-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design and Implementation of a Firmware Update Protocol for Resource Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Teemu","family":"Laukkarinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University of Technology, Finland"}]},{"given":"Lasse","family":"M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University of Technology, Finland"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Suhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University of Technology, Finland"}]},{"given":"Timo D.","family":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University of Technology, Finland"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"H\u00e4nnik\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University of Technology, Finland"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1024422"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-1","unstructured":"Alliance, Z. (2010). ZigBee specification. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.zigbee.org\/Standards\/ZigBeeSmartEnergy\/Specification.aspx"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-2","unstructured":"Crossbow Technologies. (2003). Mote in-network programming user reference. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.tinyos.net\/tinyos-1.x\/doc\/Xnp.pdf"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, J., Han, R., & Mishra, S. (2006). Secure code distribution in dynamically programmable wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (pp. 292-300).","DOI":"10.1145\/1127777.1127822"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunkels, A., Finne, N., Eriksson, J., & Voigt, T. (2006). Run-time dynamic linking for reprogramming wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (pp. 15-28).","DOI":"10.1145\/1182807.1182810"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunkels, A., Gronvall, B., & Voigt, T. (2004). Contiki - a lightweight and flexible operating system for tiny networked sensors. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks (pp. 455-462).","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN.2004.38"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/356989.356998"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-7","unstructured":"Hui, J. W. (2005). Deluge 2.0 - TinyOS network programming. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cs.berkeley.edu\/~jwhui\/deluge\/deluge-manual.pdf"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hui, J. W., & Culler, D. (2004). The dynamic behavior of a data dissemination protocol for network programming at scale. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (pp. 81-94).","DOI":"10.1145\/1031495.1031506"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-9","unstructured":"IEEE Standards Association. (2008). Part 15.4: Wireless medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for low-rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs). Retrieved from http:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/getieee802\/download\/802.15.4a-2007.pdf"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juntunen, J., Kuorilehto, M., Kohvakka, M., Kaseva, V., H\u00e4nnik\u00e4inen, M., & H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen, T. (2006). WSN API: Application programming interface for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE 17th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (pp. 1-5).","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2006.254073"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulkarni, S., & Wang, L. (2005). MNP: Multihop network reprogramming service for sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (pp. 7-16).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2005.50"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuorilehto, M., Alho, T., H\u00e4nnik\u00e4inen, M., & H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen, T. D. (2007). SensorOS: A new operating system for time critical WSN applications. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation (pp. 431-442).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73625-7_44"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470516805"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langendoen, K., Baggio, A., & Visser, O. (2006). Murphy loves potatoes: Experiences from a pilot sensor network deployment in precision agriculture. In Proceedings of the 20th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (p. 8).","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2006.1639412"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/635508.605407"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-16","unstructured":"Levis, P., Patel, N., Culler, D., & Shenker, S. (2004). Trickle: A self-regulating algorithm for code propagation and maintenance in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (p. 2)."},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-17","unstructured":"Microchip Technology. (2008). PIC18F8722 product page. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.microchip.com\/"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-18","unstructured":"Microchip Technology. (2009). MPLAB C compiler for PIC18 MCUs. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.microchip.com\/"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, C., & Poellabauer, C. (2008). PALER: A reliable transport protocol for code distribution in large sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 5th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Network (pp. 206-214).","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCN.2008.34"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukhtar, H., Kim, B. W., Kim, B. S., & Joo, S.-S. (2009). An efficient remote code update mechanism for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Military Communications Conference (pp. 1-7).","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2009.5379862"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-21","unstructured":"M[UNKNOWN ENTITY &adie;][UNKNOWN ENTITY &adie;]tt[UNKNOWN ENTITY &adie;], L., Suhonen, J., Laukkarinen, T., H[UNKNOWN ENTITY &adie;]m[UNKNOWN ENTITY &adie;]l[UNKNOWN ENTITY &adie;]inen, T., & H[UNKNOWN ENTITY &adie;]nnik[UNKNOWN ENTITY &adie;]inen, M. (2010). Program image dissemination protocol for low-energy multihop wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on System on Chip (pp. 133-138)."},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-22","unstructured":"Nordic Semiconductors. (2007). nRF24L01 product specification. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nordicsemi.com\/"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reijers, N., & Langendoen, K. (2003). Efficient code distribution in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications (pp. 60-67).","DOI":"10.1145\/941350.941359"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stathopoulos, T., Heidemann, J., Estrin, D., & SENSING, C. U. (2003). A remote code update mechanism for wireless sensor networks. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.isi.edu\/~johnh\/PAPERS\/Stathopoulos03b.html","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA482630"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suhonen, J., Kuorilehto, M., H\u00e4nnik\u00e4inen, M., & H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen, T. (2006). Cost-aware dynamic routing protocol for wireless sensor networks - design and prototype experiments. In Proceedings of the IEEE 17th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (pp. 1-5).","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2006.254185"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2006.1637932"},{"key":"jertcs.2011070103-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Yu, Q., Huang, X., & Yang, C. (2008). An RC4-based lightweight security protocol for resource-constrained communications. In Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering Workshops (pp. 133-140).","DOI":"10.1109\/CSEW.2008.28"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=56103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T16:28:13Z","timestamp":1654100893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/jertcs.2011070103"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jertcs.2011070103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-3176","1947-3184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-3176","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-3184","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]}}}