{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:16:32Z","timestamp":1781104592278,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<p>A distributed protocol is presented for anonymous and secure voting that is failure-tolerant with respect to malicious behavior of individual participants and that does not rely on a trusted third party. The proposed voting protocol was designed to be executed on a fixed group of N known participants, each of them casting one vote that may be a vote for abstention. Several attack vectors on the protocol are presented, and the detection of malicious behavior like spying, suppressing, inventing, and modifying protocol messages or votes by the protocol is shown. If some participants stop the protocol, a fair information exchange is achieved in the sense that either all votes are guaranteed to be valid and accessible to all participants, or malicious behavior has been detected and the protocol is stopped, but the votes are not disclosed.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jesma.2011070103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T12:20:46Z","timestamp":1319026846000},"page":"31-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Protecting a Distributed Voting Schema for Anonymous and Secure Voting Against Attacks of Malicious Partners"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Obermeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ABB Corporate Research, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"B\u00f6ttcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Paderborn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jesma.2011070103-0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abe, M. (1997). Mix-networks on permutation networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptology and Information Security (pp. 258-273).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-48000-6_21"},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benaloh, J., & Tuinstra, D. (1994). Receipt-free secret-ballot elections (extended abstract). In Proceedings of the 26th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (pp. 544-553).","DOI":"10.1145\/195058.195407"},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benaloh, J., & Yung, M. (1986). Distributing the power of a government to enhance the privacy of voters. In Proceedings of the Fifth Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (pp. 52-62).","DOI":"10.1145\/10590.10595"},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyd, C. (1989). A new multiple key cipher and an improved voting scheme. In J.-J. Quisquater & J. 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Improving privacy in cryptographic elections (Tech. Rep. No. YALEU\/DCS\/TR-454). New Haven, CT: Yale University."},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, J. D., & Fischer, M. J. (1985). A robust and verifiable cryptographically secure election scheme. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (pp. 372-382).","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1985.2"},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cramer, R., Gennaro, R., & Schoenmakers, B. (1997). A secure and optimally efficient multi-authority election scheme. In W. Fumy (Ed.), Proceedings of the Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques on Advances in Cryptology (LNCS 1233, pp. 103-118).","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-69053-0_9"},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-9","unstructured":"Cranor, L., & Cytron, R. (1996). Design and implementation of a practical security-conscious electronic polling system (Tech. Rep. No. WUCS-96-02). St. Louis, MO: Washington University."},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desmedt, Y., & Kurosawa, K. (2000). How to break a practical MIX and design a new one. In B. Preneel (Ed.), Proceedings of the Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques on Advances in Cryptology (LNCS 1807, pp. 557-572).","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45539-6_39"},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groth, J. (2004). Efficient maximal privacy in boardroom voting and anonymous broadcast. In A. Juels (Ed.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Financial Cryptography (LNCS 3110, pp. 90-104).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-27809-2_10"},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirt, M., & Sako, K. (2000). Efficient receipt-free voting based on homomorphic encryption. In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques on Advances in Cryptology(LNCS 1807, pp. 539-556).","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45539-6_38"},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiayias, A., & Yung, M. (2002). Self-tallying elections and perfect ballot secrecy. In Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptosystems (pp. 141-158).","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45664-3_10"},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-14","unstructured":"Obermeier, S., & B\u00f6ttcher, S. (2010, July). Distributed, anonymous, and secure voting among malicious partners without a trusted third party. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Methodologies, Technologies and Tools enabling e-Government, Olten, Switzerland."},{"key":"jesma.2011070103-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okamoto, T. (1997). Receipt-free electronic voting schemes for large scale elections. 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