{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:38:27Z","timestamp":1781105907118,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Community-based open source, or \u201ccommunity source\u201d, has emerged as an innovative approach to developing open-source enterprise application software (EAS). Unlike the conventional model of in-house development, community source creates a virtual software development community that pools human, financial, and technological resources from multiple partner organizations to develop custom software solutions. The solution is available as open-source software to all end users. In this way, the community source model takes a step forward from outsourcing to third-party software vendors. By studying a real-world case of the Kuali community source project, the authors found that community source faced a number of challenges in project management, particularly in the areas of in-house staffing and project sustainability. The interview analysis further concludes that outsourcing the community source development to either domestic or foreign third-party vendors could be a viable solution. Finally, the authors propose a research framework and seven related propositions that warrant future investigation into the relationship between community source and software outsourcing.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jgim.2010100103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]],"date-time":"2011-02-15T15:15:12Z","timestamp":1297782912000},"page":"36-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Outsourcing of Community Source"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Manlu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, China and Rochester Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Leon","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Long Island University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jgim.2010100103-0","article-title":"Globalization and offshoring of software: A report of the ACM Job Migration Task Fource. New York","journal-title":"Association for Computing Machinery."},{"issue":"2","key":"jgim.2010100103-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/25148845","article-title":"Outsourcing to an unknown workforce: Exploring opensourcing as a global sourcing strategy.","volume":"32","author":"P. J.Agerfalk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Management Information Systems Quarterly"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3250920"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-3","unstructured":"Aspray, W., Mayadas, F., & Vardi, M. Y. (2006). Globalization and offshoring of Software: A report of the ACM Job Migration Task Force."},{"issue":"1","key":"jgim.2010100103-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4018\/jgim.2009010102","article-title":"Taking information systems business process outsourcing offshore: The conflict of competition and risk.","volume":"17","author":"G.Beverakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Global Information Management"},{"issue":"11","key":"jgim.2010100103-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00108","article-title":"IT offshoring: History, prospects and challenges.","volume":"7","author":"G. B.Davis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"jgim.2010100103-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1145\/1035233.1035236","article-title":"Information systems outsourcing: A survey and analysis of the literature.","volume":"35","author":"J.Dibbern","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Data Base for Advances in Information Systems"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-7","unstructured":"DiBona, C., Ockman, S., & Stone, M. (1999). Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly & Aoosciates, Inc."},{"issue":"4","key":"jgim.2010100103-8","first-page":"67","article-title":"Strategic intent for IT outsourcing.","volume":"39","author":"A.DiRomualdo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"jgim.2010100103-9","first-page":"100","article-title":"Offshore outsourcing: A global shift in the present IT industry.","volume":"40","author":"G.Erber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inter Economics"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTM.1999.002703"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-11","first-page":"5","article-title":"Offshoring: The transition from economic drivers toward strategic global partnership and 24-Hour knowledge factory.","author":"A.Gupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01443570610710551"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tie.20048"},{"issue":"3","key":"jgim.2010100103-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/15228053.2004.10856048","article-title":"Dimensions of offshore outsourcing business models.","volume":"6","author":"N.Khan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology Cases and Applications"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-15","unstructured":"King, N. (1994). The qualitative research interview. In C. Cassell & G. Symon (Eds.), Qualitative methods in organizational research: A practical guide (pp. 14-36). London: 14-36."},{"issue":"1","key":"jgim.2010100103-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4018\/irmj.2008010105","article-title":"The post-offshoring IS organization.","volume":"21","author":"W. R.King","year":"2008","journal-title":"Information Resources Management Journal"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-17","unstructured":"Liu, M., Wang, H. J., & Zhao, J. L. (2007a, August 9-12). Achieving Flexibility via Service-Centric Community Source: the Case of Kuali. In Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems."},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-18","unstructured":"Liu, M., Zeng, D., & Zhao, L. J. (2008). A cooperative analysis framework for investment decisions in community source partnerships. Paper presented at the Americas Conference on Information Systems, Toronto, Canada."},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-19","unstructured":"Liu, M., & Zhao, L. J. (2007b). Real options analysis of the community source approach: Why should institutions pay for open source? In Proceedings of the First China Summer Workshop on Information Management."},{"issue":"2","key":"jgim.2010100103-20","first-page":"9","article-title":"How to manage an IT outsourcing alliance.","volume":"36","author":"F. W.McFarlan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-21","unstructured":"Perry, R., & Quirk, K. (n.d.). An evaluation of build versus buy for portal solutions (IDC White Paper)."},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-22","author":"E. S.Raymond","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-23","first-page":"91","article-title":"Software engineering","author":"P.Vixie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.43.12.1726"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-25","unstructured":"Wheeler, B. (2004). The open source parade. In EDUCAUSE Review (pp. 68-69)."},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-26","first-page":"49","article-title":"Open source 2010","author":"B.Wheeler","year":"2007","journal-title":"EDUCAUSE Review"},{"key":"jgim.2010100103-27","author":"M. Y.Yoshino","year":"1995","journal-title":"Strategic Alliances \u2013 An Entrepreneurial Approach to Globalization"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Information Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=46955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T20:16:14Z","timestamp":1654114574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/jgim.2010100103"}},"subtitle":["Identifying Motivations and Benefits"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jgim.2010100103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-7375","1533-7995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-7375","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-7995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]}}}