{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T21:24:50Z","timestamp":1694640290580},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"abstract":"<p>This work presents a new efficient positioning module that operates over client-server LBS architectures. The aim of the proposed module is to fulfil the position information requirements for LBS pedestrian applications by ensuring the availability of reliable, highly accurate and precise position solutions based on GPS single frequency (L1) positioning service. The positioning module operates at both LBS architecture sides; the client (mobile device), and the server (positioning server). At the server side, the positioning module is responsible for correcting user\u2019s location information based on WADGPS corrections. In addition, at the mobile side, the positioning module is continually in charge for monitoring the integrity and available of the position solutions as well as managing the communication with the server. The integrity monitoring was based on EGNOS integrity methods. A prototype of the proposed module was developed and used in experimental trials to evaluate the efficiency of the module in terms of the achieved positioning performance. The positioning module was capable of achieving a horizontal accuracy of less than 2 meters with a 95% confidence level with integrity improvement of more than 30% from existing GPS\/EGNOS services.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jhcr.2010070101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,7]],"date-time":"2010-09-07T23:51:03Z","timestamp":1283903463000},"page":"1-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Client-Server Based LBS Architecture"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Mohammad AL","family":"Nabhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brunel University, UK"}]},{"given":"Suleiman","family":"Almasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anglia Ruskin University, UK"}]},{"given":"Vanja","family":"Garaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brunel University, UK"}]},{"given":"Wamadeva","family":"Balachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brunel University, UK"}]},{"given":"Ziad","family":"Hunaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anglia Ruskin University, UK"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-0","unstructured":"Abwerzger, G., Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Ott, B., & Wasle, E. (2004, September 21-24). GPS\/SBAS and Additional Sensor Integration for Pedestrian Applications in Difficult Environments. In Proceeding of National Technical Meeting of Institute of Navigation- ION- GNSS 2004, Long Beach, CA."},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-1","unstructured":"Ackroyd, N., & Cruddace, P. (2006). OS Net-Positioning accuracy at the Heart of Great Britain (Tech. Rep.). Southampton, UK: Ordnance Survey."},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhajri, K., Al-Salihi, N., Garaj, V., Hunaiti, Z., & Balachandran, W. (2008, May 5-8). The Performance of HSDPA (3.5 G) Network for Application in a Navigation System for Visually Impaired People. In Proceeding of 6th Annual IEEE Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (CNSR), Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (pp. 440-446).","DOI":"10.1109\/CNSR.2008.83"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almasri, S., & Nabhan, A. L. M., Hunaiti, Z., & Balachandran, W. (2009). Location-based services (LBS) in micro-scale navigation: shortcomings and recommendations. International Journal of E-services and Mobile Applications.","DOI":"10.4018\/jesma.2009070804"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-4","unstructured":"Aredo, D. B., Rivertz, H. J., Vestg, J. I., & arden, J. I. (2003, July 1). LBS System Architecture with Privacy. In Proceedings of the 7th Internation Multiconference in Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI2003)."},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-5","unstructured":"Dammalage, T., Srinuandee, P., Samarakoon, L., Susaki, J., & Srisahakit, T. (2006, August 29-September 1). Potential Accuracy and Practical Benefits of NTRIP Protocol Over Conventional RTK and DGPS Observation Methods. In Proceedings of Map Asia 2006, Bangkok, Thailand."},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-6","unstructured":"Esmond, M. (2007). Ubiquitous Positioning Technologies and LBS. Location Magazine. Retrieved March 2008, from http:\/\/www.location.net.in\/magazine\/2007\/july-august\/36_1.htm"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-7","author":"L.Gauthier","year":"2006","journal-title":"EGNOS operations and their planned evolution"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-8","unstructured":"Hughes, W., Technical Center NSTB\/WAAS, & T&E Team. (2005, March). Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Positioning Service (SPS) Performance Analysis Report. Washington, DC: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) GPS Product Team."},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunaiti, Z., Garaj, V., Balachandran, W., & Cecelja, F. (2004, February). An Assessment of GSM\/GPRS Link in a Navigation System for Visually Impaired Pedestrians. In Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Electronics, Communications, and Computers (CONIELECOMP 2004), Veracruz Mexico.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECC.2004.1269544"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-10","author":"E. D.Kaplan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Understanding GPS: principles and applications"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-11","unstructured":"Ordnance Survey Publications. (2008). A guide to coordinate systems in Great Britain. Retrieved March 2008, from www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-12","author":"B.Parkinson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-13","unstructured":"Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA). (1998, June). Special Committee 159 Working Group 2,2001, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Global Positioning System \/ Wide Area Augmentation System Airborne Equipment (No. DO-229A). Washington, DC: RTCA Inc."},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17489720701584069"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17489720701862184"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-16","unstructured":"Tor\u00e1n-Mart\u00ed, F., Ventura-Traveset, J., & Chen, R. (2002, September 24-27). The ESA SISNeT Technology: Real-Time Access to the EGNOS Services through Wireless Networks and the Internet. In Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation's (ION), (GPS 2002), Portland, OR."},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-17","author":"A.Tsalgatidou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mobile E-Commerce and Location-Based Services: Technology and Requirements"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-18","year":"2000","journal-title":"GPS Interface Control Document"},{"key":"jhcr.2010070101-19","unstructured":"Walter, T., Enge, P., & DeCleene, B. (2003, January). Integrity Lessons from the WAAS Integrity Performance Panel (WIPP). Paper presented at the Institute of Navigation's (ION), National Technical Meeting, Anaheim, CA."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Handheld Computing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=46084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T16:21:20Z","timestamp":1654100480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/jhcr.2010070101"}},"subtitle":["A Novel Positioning Module for Improved Positioning Performance"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jhcr.2010070101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-9158","1947-9166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-9158","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-9166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]}}}