{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:32:34Z","timestamp":1781109154565,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Current indications (U.S. Department of Education, 2003; Zandberg &amp; Lewis, 2008; Picciano &amp; Seaman, 2009) are that distance learning, in particular online learning, will continue to expand into the foreseeable future. There are some completely online doctoral programs presently operating, but many students continue to flock to the non-traditional executive type leadership cohort-based, on-ground programs at colleges and universities. However, this trend may change. Erickson, Howard, Borland, and Baker (2004) have noted the advent of the virtual university has actually changed the expectations of doctoral students. The focus of this study is to examine the perceptions of doctoral students at a small, private university toward the online format. The findings of this study indicated a less than favorable support among doctoral students to a completely online format for the non-traditional executive management\/leadership doctoral program. However, there was support given to a hybrid model for the program.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jicte.2011100103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T12:27:40Z","timestamp":1319027260000},"page":"24-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Choosing a Path for Doctoral Studies in Educational Leadership"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"George W.","family":"Semich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Morris University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Morris University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jicte.2011100103-0","unstructured":"Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2003). Sizing the opportunity: The quality and extent of online education in the United States, 2002-2003. Retrieved from http:\/\/sloanconsortium.org\/resources\/sizing_opportunity.pdf"},{"key":"jicte.2011100103-1","author":"I. E.Allen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Growing by degrees"},{"key":"jicte.2011100103-2","unstructured":"Christo-Baker, E. A. H. B. (2004). College and university faculty attitudes, incentives, and barriers toward distance education (Doctoral dissertation, Bowling Green State University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 61(12), 4653A."},{"key":"jicte.2011100103-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026805100115489"},{"key":"jicte.2011100103-4","unstructured":"Dhanarajan, G. (1998, April 20-22). International and inter-institutional collaboration in distance education. Paper presented at the Conference on Learning Together: Collaboration in Open Learning, Perth, Australia."},{"key":"jicte.2011100103-5","author":"J.Erickson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Full-time leaders: Part-time learners. Doctoral programs of administrators with multiple priorities"},{"key":"jicte.2011100103-6","unstructured":"Geith, C., Schiffman, S., & Vignare, K. (2009). Business models for online learning: An exploratory survey. Sloan-C, 10(2)."},{"issue":"1","key":"jicte.2011100103-7","first-page":"57","article-title":"Instructional technology adoption in higher education: An action research case study.","volume":"27","author":"M. M.Groves","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Instructional Media"},{"issue":"1","key":"jicte.2011100103-8","first-page":"66","article-title":"Higher education in an era of digital competition: Emerging organizational models.","volume":"2","author":"D.Hanna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks"},{"issue":"4","key":"jicte.2011100103-9","first-page":"27","article-title":"Online versus traditional face-to-face learning in a large introductory course.","volume":"98","author":"W. E.Hauck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"jicte.2011100103-10","first-page":"312","article-title":"Introductory biology online: Assessing outcomes of two student populations.","volume":"31","author":"M.Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of College Science Teaching"},{"issue":"2","key":"jicte.2011100103-11","first-page":"113","article-title":"Beyond national borders: Transforming higher education institutions.","volume":"6","author":"C.Latchem","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Studies in International Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"jicte.2011100103-12","article-title":"Higher education on the web.","volume":"7","year":"2001","journal-title":"Update"},{"key":"jicte.2011100103-13","author":"A. G.Picciano","year":"2007","journal-title":"K-12 online learning: A survey of school district administrators"},{"issue":"1","key":"jicte.2011100103-14","first-page":"19","article-title":"Beyond models: Developing a university strategy for online instruction.","volume":"3","author":"I. C.Reid","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks"},{"issue":"3","key":"jicte.2011100103-15","article-title":"A comparison of students outcomes & satisfaction between traditional & web based course offerings.","volume":"5","author":"J. C.Rivera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration"},{"key":"jicte.2011100103-16","unstructured":"Shelley, D. J., Swartz, L. B., & Cole, M. T. (2007). A comparative analysis of online and traditional undergraduate business law classes: 2004-2007. IADIS International Journal on WWW\/Internet, 5(1), 60-79."},{"key":"jicte.2011100103-17","unstructured":"Timmons, G. (2002). Exploring leadership in distance education, the blueprint for success: A case study of self-reported leadership practices and institutional characteristics. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH."},{"key":"jicte.2011100103-18","year":"2003","journal-title":"Distance education at degree-granting postsecondary education institutions, 2000-2001 (Tech. Rep. No. NCES 2003-017)"},{"issue":"2","key":"jicte.2011100103-19","first-page":"53","article-title":"Business models for online learning: An exploratory survey.","volume":"10","author":"K.Vignare","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks"},{"issue":"1","key":"jicte.2011100103-20","article-title":"Preparing instructors for quality online instruction.","volume":"8","author":"Y.Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration"},{"key":"jicte.2011100103-21","author":"I.Zandberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Technology-based distance education courses for public elementary and secondary school students, 2002-03 and 2004-05 (Tech. Rep. No. NCES 2008-008)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=59695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T16:12:48Z","timestamp":1654099968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/jicte.2011100103"}},"subtitle":["A Look at the Online Format"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jicte.2011100103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-1876","1550-1337"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-1876","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-1337","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]}}}