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Some of the potential means for inferring users\u2019 affective state are also reviewed. These can be broadly categorized into methods that involve the user\u2019s input, and methods that acquire the information independent of any user input. This latter category is of particular interest as these approaches have the potential for more natural and unobtrusive implementation, and it includes techniques such as analysis of vocal patterns, facial expressions or physiological state. The paper concludes with a review of prominent affective tutoring systems and promotes future directions for e-learning that capitalize on the strengths of affective computing.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jicte.2012100107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T16:32:16Z","timestamp":1355243536000},"page":"75-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Affective Tutoring Systems"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nik","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia"}]},{"given":"Tanya Jane","family":"McGill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"journal-title":"The worldwide market for self-paced elearning products and services: 2010-2015 forecast and analysis","year":"2011","author":"S. 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