{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:32:17Z","timestamp":1781105537124,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"abstract":"<p>The Vision 2016, which is a set of strategic plans desired to position Botswana at the completive edge of the socio-economic hierarchy in Africa, is being implemented with concerted efforts from both the private and the public sector, including ordinary citizens. One of the major motivations for drawing this strategy has been the desire to transform Botswana from a resource and industry-based (e.g. agriculture and diamond mining) to knowledge-based economy. This has come from the realisation that in order to compete favourably at a global scale, there is need to put in place efficient knowledge value chains. To this course, several initiatives have been devised and\/or implemented by both the government and the public sector. This article surveys the fundamental concepts on which this paradigm shift is hinged and brings out the different issues, initiatives and policies (such as Information and Communications Technology development, nurturing of an appropriate human resource base by way of strategic human resource development plans, investment in intellectual capital, etc.) that have been done so far in Botswana. The article, however, does not claim that it offers a compendium of existing programs towards a knowledgebased economy initiated by Botswana. The article posits that although significant strides have been scored in Botswana\u2019s efforts towards a knowledge-based economy, a lot more needs to be done if it were to compete favourably at an international stage.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jicthd.2010010104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,16]],"date-time":"2010-04-16T16:17:08Z","timestamp":1271434628000},"page":"59-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Botswana's Novel Approaches for Knowledge-Based Economy Facilitation"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0509-5515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelvin Joseph","family":"Bwalya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Botswana, Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-0","unstructured":"Amable, B., & Lung, Y. (2005). 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Global Governance and Policy Coherence: Before and After the G20 Summit, Global Policy Coherence 2009 Project. Institute for Environmental Security."},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-4","unstructured":"Kalim, R., & Lodhi, S. (2004). The Knowledge-Based Economy: trends and implications for Pakistan. Retrieved May 15, 2009, from http:\/\/www.pide.org.pk\/...\/The%20Knowledge%20Based%20Economy.pdf"},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-5","unstructured":"Kri\u0161\u010di\u016bnas, K., & Daug\u0117lien\u0117, R. (2006). The assessment models of Knowledge-Based Economy penetration. Engineering Economics, 5(50). ISSN 1392-2785."},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-6","unstructured":"Kuznetsov, Y., & Dahlman, C. J. (2008). Mexico\u2019s Transition to a Knowledge-Based Economy Challenges and Opportunities. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development."},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-7","unstructured":"Lekorwe, M., Molomo, M., Molefe, W., & Moseki, K. (2001). Public attitudes toward democracy, governance and economic development in Botswana (Afrobarometer Paper No.14). Afrobarometer."},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-8","unstructured":"Leung, K. C. (2004). Statistics to measure the knowledge-based economy: The case of Hong Kong, China. In Proceedings of the 2004 Asia Pacific Technical Meeting of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Statistic. Retrieved July 16, 2009, from http:\/\/www.unescap.org\/...\/18.Statistics_to_measure_the_Knowledge-Based_Economy-Hong_Kong.pdf"},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maguire, C., Kazlauskas, C., & Weir, A. D. (1994). Information systems for innovative organizations. London: Academic Press","DOI":"10.1108\/S1876-0562(1994)94A"},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moahi, K. G. (2007). Globalization, Knowledge Economy and the implication for Indigenous Knowledge. International Review of Information Ethics (IRIE), 7. ISSN 1614-1687","DOI":"10.29173\/irie13"},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OECD. (1997). The OECD Report on regulatory reform: Synthesis. Retrieved July 10, 2009, from http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dataoecd\/17\/25\/2391768.pdf","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264189751-en"},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-12","unstructured":"P\u0102CE\u015eIL\u0102 M. (2006). The impact of moving to Knowledge Based Economy in the public sector. Management & Marketing Craiova, 1, 113-118. Retrieved June 12, 2009, from http:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/aspx\/getdocument.aspx?logid=5&id"},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-13","unstructured":"TKS- Towards a Knowledge Society. (2006). A proposal for a tertiary education policy for Botswana. Technical report. Retrieved July 27, 2009, from http:\/\/www.tec.org.bw\/tec_doc\/tec_rep_10_2006.pdf"},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-14","unstructured":"UNDP. (1996). Human Development \u2013 at the heart of today\u2019s policy agenda. New York: Author."},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-15","unstructured":"UNECE. (2002). Towards a Knowledge-Based Economy: ARMENIA \u2013 country readiness assessment report. Retrieved May 30, 2009, from http:\/\/www.unece.org\/operact\/enterp\/documents\/coverpagarmenia.pdf"},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-16","unstructured":"Wilmoth, D. (2008). Innovation in private higher education: the Botswana International University of Science and Technology. Washington, DC: IFC International Investment Forum on Private Education."},{"key":"jicthd.2010010104-17","unstructured":"Zeman, K. (2005). Transformation towards Knowledge-Based Economy. Conference on Medium-Term Economic Assessment. 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