{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:44:44Z","timestamp":1781109884985,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Emergency management is a diverse field. Effective disaster management involves knowledge of various subjects as well as work experience in all aspects related to mitigation, planning, response, and recovery efforts. One field not being fully exploited by disaster management is the use of geospatial tools in the form of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), cartography, and geovisualization. One reason for this is that many emergency managers are not fully aware of the assistance GIS can lend to effectively manage disaster situations. All functions of emergency management have a strong geographic component. Where is the earthquake epicenter? Where is the damage? Where does the dam inundation run and who\/what is in that path? Where is the area of road closures? The questions asking \u201cwhere\u201d are endless in effective emergency management and range from the mitigation stage through to the recovery stage. For example, a tsunami may inundate only a certain portion of the region, therefore, it is important to have mitigation and planning efforts concentrated in those regions. It is also important to know what businesses, housing, and populations are in the affected areas. The integration of geospatial tools for risk assessment, mitigation, planning, response, and recovery efforts is emerging as an effective and potentially invaluable resource for answering such questions in regards to emergency management.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jiscrm.2009071003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,30]],"date-time":"2010-04-30T09:38:20Z","timestamp":1272620300000},"page":"33-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Strategies to Prepare Emergency Management Personnel to Integrate Geospatial Tools into Emergency Management"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Tricia","family":"Toomey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4332-1886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Murray E.","family":"Jennex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-0","unstructured":"Abbott, P. 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Nieuwenhuis (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management ISCRAM 2007 (pp. 211-218)."},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2005.06.006"},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-10","unstructured":"Dahinten, J. (2002, January 1). Natural disasters kill 25,000 worldwide in 2001. Reuters. Retrieved January 8, 2008, from http:\/\/www.planetark.org\/ dailynewsstory.cfm\/newsid\/13886\/newsDate\/1-Jan-2002\/story.htm"},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.35.8.982"},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-12","unstructured":"Delmedico, N. (2007 July-September). Take Advantage of New Floodplain Data: Understanding dFIRMs Necessary for Intelligently Mapping Hazards. ArcUser (pp. 22-25)."},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-13","unstructured":"Dent, B. D. (1999). Cartography: Thematic Map Design 5e. Dubuque, Iowa: William C Brown. EG&G Technical Services (Ed.) (2007). County of San Diego 2007 Firestorms After Action Report. Unpublished Manuscript."},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-14","unstructured":"Environmental Systems Research Institute. (2008, March 3). ESRI Recognizes San Diego County Officials for GIS Work during Wildfires: GIS Use Improved Communications, Saved Infrastructure, and Assisted in Evacuations. Press Release. Retrieved on March 4, 2008 from http:\/\/www.esri.com\/news\/ releases\/08_1qtr\/san_diego_wildfires.html"},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-15","unstructured":"Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2009). NIMS Resource Center. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved on May 17, 2009 from: http:\/\/www.fema.gov\/emergency\/nims\/."},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-16","unstructured":"Francica, J. (2004, March 4). The Interagency Geospatial Preparedness Team (IGPT): An Interview with Susan Kalweit, Chief, IGPT. Directions Magazine. Retrieved January 3, 2008, from http:\/\/www.directionsmag.com\/ article.php?article_id=324&trv=1"},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-17","unstructured":"Granlund, R., Johansson, B., & Trnka, J. (2007). The Effects of Geographical Information Systems on a Collaborative Command and Control Task. In B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt & C. Nieuwenhuis (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management ISCRAM 2007 (pp. 191-200)."},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-18","unstructured":"Johnson, R. (2000). GIS Technology for Disasters and Emergency Mangement. Redlands, CA: ESRI Press"},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-19","unstructured":"Kataoka, M. (2005). GIS for Homeland Security. Redlands, CA: ESRI Press."},{"key":"jiscrm.2009071003-20","unstructured":"Koch, K. (2007, 29 August). Katrina-ravaged Gulf Coast struggling 2 years later. CNN.com\/us. 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