{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:40:00Z","timestamp":1781109600786,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<p>The main objective of PCS networks is to provide \u201canytime-anywhere\u201d cellular services. Accordingly, lost calls as well as the network slow response have become the major problems that hardly degrade the network reliability. Those problems can be overcome by perfectly managing the Mobile Terminals (MTs) locations. In the existing location management (LM) scheme, Location Area (LA) is the smallest unit for registration. A MT must register itself when passing through its LA boundary to a neighboring one. Moreover, such registration takes place at the MTs\u2019 master HLR (even though currently managed by another HLR), which increases communication costs. As a result, existing LM scheme suffers from; (1) excessive location registrations by MTs located around LA boundaries (ping-pong effect) and (2) requiring the network to poll all LA cells to locate the callee MT. In this paper, a novel LM strategy is introduced by restructuring LAs into smaller areas called Base Areas (BAs), which impacts the paging cost. The proposed LM strategy uses caching to reduce unwanted updates and 2LP to reduce paging cost. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme introduces a distinct improvement in network response and tracing process.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jitn.2011040101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T12:34:41Z","timestamp":1319027681000},"page":"1-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Location Management in PCS Networks Using Base Areas (BAs) and 2 Level Paging (2LP) Schemes"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Hesham A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mansoura University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mansoura University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mansoura University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jitn.2011040101-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.580765"},{"key":"jitn.2011040101-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/71.862211"},{"key":"jitn.2011040101-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.875258"},{"key":"jitn.2011040101-3","author":"J. 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In Proceedings of the International Conference on Discovering a New World of Communications (p. 1698).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3144-9_4"},{"issue":"1","key":"jitn.2011040101-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2005.860534","article-title":"A novel location management scheme for cellular overlay networks.","volume":"52","author":"D.Morris","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting"},{"key":"jitn.2011040101-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2005.12"},{"key":"jitn.2011040101-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shivakumar, N., & Widom, J. (1995). User profile replication for faster location lookup in mobile environments. In Proceedings of the 1st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (pp.161-169).","DOI":"10.1145\/215530.215570"},{"key":"jitn.2011040101-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, W., & Leung, V. (2000). Location management for next generation personal communication networks. 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