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Dynamic Position Location and Tracking (PL&T) is proposed deploying the integrated approach of zone finding and triangulation using two friendly nodes equipped with Steered Directional Antenna (DA) in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). This approach allows the system to use only two references instead of a typical 3 references for a straight triangulation. Moreover, the performance of the proposed algorithm with references using directional antennas shows significant improvement over triangulation using references with Omni-directional antennas as the beam power is concentrated. However, dynamic switching of reference nodes is frequently required as the target moves outside the predicted zone. This paper presents a better tracking accuracy in using proposed dynamic PL&T as compared to other PL&T techniques. The multipath fading is also addressed with the use of KV transform coding technique which uses forward error correction and sample interleaving achieves greater than 90% tracking accuracy with BERs of 10-6 or better.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jitn.2012100103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]],"date-time":"2013-02-15T22:54:56Z","timestamp":1360968896000},"page":"40-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dynamic PL&T using Two Reference Nodes Equipped with Steered Directional Antenna for Significant PL&T Accuracy"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Niraj","family":"Shakhakarmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Navajo Technical College, Crownpoint, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhadesugoor R.","family":"Vaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Excellence in Battlefield Communications, A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jitn.2012100103-0","unstructured":"Lacovara, R. C., & Vaman, D. R. (2005). Real time implementation of 2D and 3D position, location and tracking using IP triangulation embedded with real time predictive trajectory polynomial for high accuracy tracking. Applied Defense Network Report."},{"key":"jitn.2012100103-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, X., Fletcher, W., Ian, L., Pietro, L., & Zhang, X. (2008). Location prediction algorithm for directional communication. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (pp. 159-164).","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2008.28"},{"key":"jitn.2012100103-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malhotra, N., Krasniewski, M., Yang, C., Bagchi, S., & Chappell, W. (2005). Location estimation in ad-hoc networks with directional antennas. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (pp. 633-642).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2005.47"},{"key":"jitn.2012100103-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2010.100502"},{"key":"jitn.2012100103-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2004.833153"},{"key":"jitn.2012100103-5","unstructured":"Shakhakarmi, N., & Vaman, D. R. (2010). Distributed position localization and tracking (DPLT) of malicious nodes in cluster based mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). WSEAS Transactions in Communications, 11(9)."},{"key":"jitn.2012100103-6","unstructured":"Shakhakarmi, N., & Vaman, D. R. (2012). Real time position location & tracking (PL&T) using prediction filter and integrated zone finding in OFDM channel. WSEAS Transactions on Communications, 11(7)."},{"key":"jitn.2012100103-7","unstructured":"Siuli, R., Sanjay, C., Somprakash, B., Tetsuro, U., Hisato, I., & Sadao, O. (2005, June 13-16). Neighborhood tracking and location estimation of nodes in ad hoc networks using directional antenna: A test bed implementation. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Coding and Cryptography, Maui, HI."},{"key":"jitn.2012100103-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaman, D. R., Koay, S. T., Annamalai, A., & Agarwal, N. (2009, October). A simple and least complex KV (Koay-Vaman) transform coding technique with low BER performance at low Eb\/N0 for multi-tiered applications in power and bandwidth constrained MANET\/sensor networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, San Antonio, TX (pp. 335-342).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2009.5346177"},{"key":"jitn.2012100103-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2009.0763"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=75161","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T17:13:38Z","timestamp":1654103618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/jitn.2012100103"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jitn.2012100103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-8663","1941-8671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-8663","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-8671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]}}}