{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:57:31Z","timestamp":1781107051466,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"abstract":"<p>The management of a territory is a complex process, involving a number of different operators, administrators and decision makers. Territory management requires accessing and processing a wide range of heterogeneous and multi-dimensional GI (GI). Within a typical scenario, the process involves departments at public administrations responsible for urban planning, environmental control, infrastructure planning and maintenance. Additionally units such as civil protection, fire brigades also play a vital role when dealing with emergencies. Data to be managed range from alphanumerical information, stored within enterprise-level databases, to satellite imagery, vector data and information coming from on-site sensors. It is acknowledged that creating an infrastructure capable to provide access to such a range of information requires, an integrated system approach, both from a technological and from a procedural point of view. This article illustrates the benefit of adopting a system approach which makes use of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) and 3D geobrowsers to provide an answer to the aforementioned shortcomings. To do so the article presents the client-server platform designed to support decision makers and experts from local or regional administrations in the process of managing their territory. The infrastructure developed allows a large number of concurrent applications to access geographical data in a fully interactive way, within a 3D environment, thus providing support to territorial and environmental management tasks. The work illustrates also the results of the application of the infrastructure within a real-life scenario, thus providing the chance to discuss of implications of adopting such an approach.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jitsa.2010100204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,16]],"date-time":"2010-04-16T14:14:56Z","timestamp":1271427296000},"page":"57-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi-Level Service Infrastructure for Geovisual Analytics in the Context of Territorial Management"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Graphitech, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"De Amicis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Graphitech, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Piffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Graphitech, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Graphitech, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrienko, N., & Andrienko, G. (2004). Interactive visual tools to explore spatio-temporal variation. AVI'04: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces.","DOI":"10.1145\/989863.989940"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-1","unstructured":"Berlin, S. (2008). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.3d-stadtmodell-berlin.de"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-2","unstructured":"Berlin 3D. (2008). Retrieved August 27, 2008, from 3D RealityMaps: http:\/\/www.realitymaps.de"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-3","unstructured":"Brooks, S., & Whalley, L. (2005). A 2D\/3D hybrid GI system. In Proc. of the 3rd intern. conf. on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia. ACM."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-4","unstructured":"Clark, R. W., & Maurer, R. (2006). Visual terrain editor: an interactive editor for real terrains. J. Comput. Small Coll., 22(2)."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-5","unstructured":"Conti, G., Andreolli, M., Piffer, S., & De Amicis, R. (2008). A 3D web based GI system for regional planning. In proceedings of Webist, Madeira, Portugal."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-6","unstructured":"Conti, G., & De Amicis, R. (2008). New generation 3d web-based GI systems - The importance of integrated infrastructures for territory management. In proceedings of Webist, Madeira, Portugal."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-7","unstructured":"Coughlin, J., Cuff, S., & Krause, N. (2008). SERVIR Viz: A 3D data access and visualization system for mesoamerica. Directions Magazione Worldwide Source for Geospatial Technology."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-8","unstructured":"De Amicis, R., Witzel, M., & Conti, G. (2007). Interoperable networked service-based infrastructure for interactive. In Proceedings of Proceedings of the NATO-OTAN Workshop on Development of a Prototype System for Sharing Information related to Acts of Terrorism to the Environment, Agriculture and Water systems, Venice."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-9","unstructured":"Encarna\u00e7\u00e3o, J., De Amicis, R., Conti, G., & J., R. (2008). Beyond FOSS 3D gis technologies: a chance for developing countries. In proceedings of FOSS4G 2008 - Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial Conference, Cape Town, South Africa."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-10","unstructured":"ESDIS. (2008). The earth science data and information system project. Retrieved from http:\/\/esdis.eosdis.nasa.gov"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-11","unstructured":"ESRI - Environment System Research Institute. (2008). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.esri.com"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-12","unstructured":"FTK - Research Institute for Telecommunication. (2008, May 30). European ICT manifesto for the regions. Dortmund."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganesan, D., Estrin, D., & Heidemann, J. (2003). Dimensions: Why do we need a new data handling architecture for sensor networks? SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. (pp. 143\u2013148).","DOI":"10.1145\/774763.774786"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-14","unstructured":"GDI3D. (2008). Spatial data infrastructure for 3d-geodata. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.geographie.uni-bonn.de\/karto\/hd3d\/webstart.en.htm"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-15","unstructured":"GEOSS - Global Earth Observation System of Systems. (2008). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/geoss"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gershon, N., & Eick, S. (1997). Information visualization applications in the real world. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1145\/1120212.1120340"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-17","unstructured":"GMES - Global Monitoring for Environment and Security. (2008). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.gmes.info"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-18","unstructured":"Google Earth. (2008). Retrieved from http:\/\/earth.google.com"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-19","unstructured":"Grasso, V., Cervone, G., Singh, A., & Kafatos, M. (2006). Global environmental alert service. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-20","unstructured":"Grasso, V., & Singh, A. (2008). Advances in space research. Elsevier."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-21","unstructured":"Haist, J., & Korte, P. (2006). Adaptive streaming of 3d gis geometries and textures for interactive visualisation of 3d city models. 9th AGILE Intern. conf. on Geographic Information Science."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2004.22"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-23","unstructured":"INSPIRE. (2008). Retrieved from http:\/\/inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-24","unstructured":"Intergraph SG&I - Geospatially Powered Solution. (2008). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.intergraph.com\/sgi\/default.aspx"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-25","unstructured":"JBoss. (2008). jboss.org: community driven. Retrieved from www.jboss.org"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-26","unstructured":"JOGL. (2008). Retrieved from Java binding for the opengl api: https:\/\/jogl.dev.java.net"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-27","unstructured":"JRC - Joint Research Centre. European Commission. (2006). Report of international workshop on spatial data infrastructures, cost-benefit \/ return on investment, Italy: Ispra."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kersting, O., & Doellner, J. (2002). Interactive 3d visualization of vector data in gis. Proc. of the 10th ACM intern. symp. on Advances in geographic information systems (pp. 107\u2013112). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/585147.585170"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koller, D., et al. (1995). Virtual gis: A real-time 3d geographic information system. Proc. of the 6th conf. on Visualization (pp. 94\u20139).","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.1995.480800"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacEachren, M. (2005). Moving geovisualization toward support for group work. Exploring geovisualization. Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008044531-1\/50440-1"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manoharan, T., Taylor, H., & Gardiner, P. (2002). A collaborative analysis tool for visualisation and interaction with spatial data. Proc.of the 7th Int. Conf. on 3D Web technology (pp. 75\u201383).","DOI":"10.1145\/504502.504515"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mansourian, A., Rajabifard, A., & Zoej, J. (2005). Development of a web-based gis using sdi for disaster management. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-27468-5_43"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-33","unstructured":"NASA. (2008). World Wind. Retrieved from http:\/\/worldwind.arc.nasa.gov"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nourbakhsh, I., Sargent, R., Wright, A., Cramer, K., McClendon, B., & Jones, M. (2006). Mapping disaster zones (Vol. 439). Nature.","DOI":"10.1038\/439787a"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-35","unstructured":"NVAC. (2008). National visualization and analytics center. Retrieved from http:\/\/nvac.pnl.gov"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-36","unstructured":"OGC - Open Geospatial Consortium. (2008). Retrieved from www.opengeospatial.org"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-37","unstructured":"OGC - Open Geospatial Consortium. (2008a). Web map service. Retrieved from Open geospatial consortium: http:\/\/www.opengeospatial.org\/standards\/wms"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohigashi, M., Guo, Z. S., & Tanaka, Y. (2006). Integration of a 2d legacy gis, legacy simulations, and legacy databases into a 3d geographic simulation. In Proc. of the 24th annual conf. on Design of communication (pp. 149\u2013156). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/1166324.1166360"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-39","unstructured":"Open Geospatial Consortium. (2008). Web processing service. Retrieved from Open geospatial consortium: http:\/\/www.opengeospatial.org\/standards\/wps"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-40","unstructured":"Ordnance Survey. (2006, September). Geographic information strategy. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk\/oswebsite\/aboutus\/reports\/gistrategy\/gistrategy.pdf"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-41","unstructured":"Rajabifard, A., & Williamson, I. (2004). SDI development and capacity building. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.geom.unimelb.edu.au\/research\/SDI_research\/"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shumilov, S., Thomsen, A., Cremers, A. B., & Koos, B. (2002). Managment and visualization of large, complex and time-dependent 3D objects in distributed gis. Proc. of the 10th ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems (pp. 113\u2013118). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/585147.585171"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-3975(03)00002-X"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-44","unstructured":"Stearns, J., Chinnici, R., & Sahoo. (2006, May). Update: An introduction to the java ee 5 platform. Retrieved from Java ee at a glance: http:\/\/java.sun.com\/developer\/technicalArticles\/J2EE\/intro_ee5\/"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steed, A. (2004). Data visualization within urban models. In Proc. of the Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics (pp. 9\u201316). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPCG.2004.1314447"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-46","unstructured":"The Apache Software Foundation. (2008). Tomcat. Retrieved from http:\/\/tomcat.apache.org"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-47","unstructured":"Turner, A. (2006). Introduction to Neogeography. O\u2019Reilly Media."},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-48","unstructured":"University of Bonn. (2008). Heidelberg 3D. Retrieved August 27, 2008, from 3D GDI Heidelberg: http:\/\/www.gdi-3d.de"},{"key":"jitsa.2010100204-49","unstructured":"Zipf, A. (2008). Small island perspectives on global challenges: The role of spatial data in supporting a sustainable future. GSDI 10 Conference Proceedings."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=39000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T16:55:07Z","timestamp":1654102507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/jitsa.2010100204"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jitsa.2010100204","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-570X","1935-5718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-570X","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]}}}