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The analysis of standards in this context is targeted at developing a set of validated approaches that lead to a new reference model. Four standards were investigated, taking into account a broad range of aspects like practical and semantic interoperability and integration issues. In the case study, the authors analyzed both, the standards and specifications and the usefulness of the RMAG. The results of this case study can be used for further analyses of TEL standards as well as for reference models targeted at interoperability.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jitsr.2010070101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,8]],"date-time":"2010-09-08T00:04:29Z","timestamp":1283904269000},"page":"1-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis and Validation of Learning Technology Models, Standards and Specifications"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jan M.","family":"Pawlowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Kozlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jitsr.2010070101-0","year":"2009","journal-title":"Shareable Content Object Reference Model SCORM 2004"},{"key":"jitsr.2010070101-1","unstructured":"Barn, B., Dexter, H., Oussena, S., Sparks, D., Petch, J., & Stiles, M. 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