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This paper adopts a science and technology studies (STS) framework to explore how global and national institutional and social elements have been embedded in and impacted on the artifacts of TD-SCDMA technology. Rather than being an indigenous Chinese technology, TD-SCDMA\u2019s history exemplifies how standards and the intellectual property embedded in them lead to a complex hybridization between the global and national systems of innovation.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jitsr.2013070103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]],"date-time":"2013-09-03T12:19:52Z","timestamp":1378210792000},"page":"34-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Standards Development as Hybridization"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiaobai","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jitsr.2013070103-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00062.x"},{"key":"jitsr.2013070103-1","author":"Z.Bauman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liquid modernity"},{"key":"jitsr.2013070103-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2011.02.007"},{"key":"jitsr.2013070103-3","unstructured":"Bloomberg. 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