{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:10:07Z","timestamp":1654128607666},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Internet access has become a necessity for all sectors in communities. Conventional web navigation means hinder access to the visually impaired. Presented is a low cost tactile web navigator device aimed at enabling blind people to have efficient and economic internet accessibility. Presented in this paper centers around a microcontroller that communicates with a proxy transcoder browser server that runs on a PC to acquire the text from a target web page. An array of solenoid coils is used to output the text in tactile form to the end user. The device has the ability to output the text in Braille language format mode or in plain English character format using the usual dot-matrix representations mode. The navigator can also be configured to output the text in other languages using the Pattern-Generator tool Many navigation functions like loading a webpage address, clicking on links and entering data (E-mails, passwords, etc) have been provided. The navigator was tested by blind volunteer with excellent results. The cost of the implementation is an impressive ~12% of the price of commercial Braille displays.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jitwe.2012010103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T16:45:42Z","timestamp":1355244342000},"page":"31-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Web Navigation Tool for Visually Impaired People"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sharief F.","family":"Babiker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Khartoum, Sudan"}]},{"given":"Alaeldin A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Khartoum, Sudan"}]},{"given":"Mustafa A. A.","family":"Yasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Khartoum, Sudan"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMMS.1970.299963"},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-1","unstructured":"Freedom Scientific. (2012a). FOCUS\u2122: Focus Braille displays for the visually impaired. Retrieved February 29, 2012, from http:\/\/www.freedomscientific.com\/products\/fs\/focus-product-page.asp"},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-2","unstructured":"Freedom Scientific. (2012b). JAWS\u2122: Screen reading software. Retrieved February 29, 2012, from http:\/\/www.freedomscientific.com\/products\/fs\/jaws-product-page.asp"},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-3","unstructured":"Huang, X., Tao, L., Bing, H., Qiang, C., Qiang, X., & Qiang, H. (2010). Electronic reader for the blind based on MCU. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (pp. 888-890)."},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-4","unstructured":"Josifovski, L., Mihajlov, D., & Gorgevik, D. (1997). Speech synthesizer based on time domain syllable concatenation. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Speech and Communication, Cluj-Napoca, Romania."},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-5","unstructured":"King, A., Evans, G., & Blenkhorn, P. (2004). Blind people and the World Wide Web. Retrieved February 29, 2012, from http:\/\/www.webbie.org.uk\/webbie.htm"},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-6","unstructured":"Pearson, E., & Koppi, T. (2002). Essential elements in the design and development of inclusive online courses. In Proceedings of the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications."},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrie, H., Johnson, V., McNally, P., Morley, S., O'Neill, A., & Majoe, D. (1997). Inexpensive tactile interaction for bind computer users: Two application domains. In Proceedings of the IEEE Colloquium on Developments in Tactile Displays (Digest No. 012)","DOI":"10.1049\/ic:19970081"},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rotard, M., Kn\u00f6dler, S., & Ertl, T. (2005). A tactile web browser for the visually disabled. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia (pp. 15-22).","DOI":"10.1145\/1083356.1083361"},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-9","author":"H.Sandhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Making PIC microcontroller instruments and controllers"},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.712218"},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/30.54278"},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velazquez, R., Pissaloux, E. E., & Wiertlewski, M. (2006). A compact tactile display for the blind with shape memory alloys. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (pp. 3905-3910).","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2006.1642300"},{"key":"jitwe.2012010103-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velazquez, R., Preza, E., & Hernandez, H. (2008). Making eBooks accessible to blind Braille readers. 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