{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:15:57Z","timestamp":1781108157799,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"abstract":"<p>In this paper, the authors present a survey of published research in mobile learning. The authors investigate 114 papers from mLearn 2005, 2007, and 2008, and classify them according to two dimensions: research method and research purpose. Research methods and purposes are important parts of how research is conducted. Opinions and approaches toward research differ greatly. The classified papers are evenly distributed among the research methods investigated, with one exception, there are few in basic research. In terms of research purpose, papers that describe research are well represented but there is a lack of papers targeting evaluation. Papers recounting both basic research and research evaluation are imperative, as they help a research field to mature and researchers to avoid repeating known pitfalls. This maturity, in turn, leads to better scalability and sustainability for future research efforts in the mobile learning community.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jmbl.2011010101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T12:39:21Z","timestamp":1319027961000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A Survey of Research Methods and Purposes in Mobile Learning"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Wingkvist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Linnaeus University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Ericsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"jmbl.2011010101-0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2307\/25148642","article-title":"Special issue on action research in information systems: Making IS research relevant to practice.","volume":"28","author":"R.Baskerville","year":"2004","journal-title":"Management Information Systems Quarterly"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-1","first-page":"47","article-title":"An analysis of research methodologies","author":"I.Benbasat","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Information System Research Challenge"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-2","unstructured":"Cobcroft, R., Towers, S., Smith, J., & Bruns, A. (2006). Mobile learning in review: Opportunities and challenges for learners, teachers, and institutions. In Proceedings of the Online Learning and Teaching (OLT) Conference 2006 (pp. 21-30)."},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-3","author":"M.Denscombe","year":"1998","journal-title":"The good research guide for small scale social research projects"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-4","author":"F.Fowler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Survey research methods"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-5","author":"P.J\u00e4rvinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"On research methods"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, J., & Skov, M. (2005). A review of research methods in children\u2019s technology design. In Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Interaction Design and Children (pp. 80-87).","DOI":"10.1145\/1109540.1109551"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-7","unstructured":"Keegan, D. (2005). The incorporation of mobile learning into mainstream education and training. In Proceedings of mLearn 2005: 4th World Conference on Mobile Learning."},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kjeldskov, J., & Graham, C. (2003). A review of mobile HCI research methods. In Proceedings of Mobile HCI 2003: 5th International Symposium on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45233-1_23"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249410"},{"issue":"1","key":"jmbl.2011010101-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4018\/jmbl.2009010102","article-title":"Innovation in mobile learning: An European perspective.","volume":"1","author":"A.Kukulska-Hulme","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-11","author":"L.Naismith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Literature review in mobile technologies and learning"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-12","unstructured":"Norman, A., & Pearce, J. (Eds.). (2007). Making the Connections. In Proceedings of mLearn 2007: 6th World Conference on Mobile Learning, Melbourne, VIC, Australia."},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-13","author":"C.Robson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Real World Research: A Resource for Social Scientists and Practitioner-Researchers"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-14","article-title":"Mobile learning: Small devices, big issues","author":"M.Sharples","year":"2008","journal-title":"Technology Enhanced Learning: Principles and Products"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJLT.2006.010616"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-16","unstructured":"Tolvanen, J., Rossi, M., & Liu, H. (1996). Method engineering: Current research directions and implications for future research. In S. Brinkkemper, K. Lyytinen, & R. Welke (Eds.) Proceedings of IFIP TC8, WG8.1\/8.2: Working Conference on Method Engineering. London, UK: Chapman & Hall."},{"issue":"2","key":"jmbl.2011010101-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v8i2.346","article-title":"Defining, discussing, and evaluating mobile learning: The moving finger writes and having writ\u2026","volume":"8","author":"J.Traxler","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-18","unstructured":"Traxler, J. (2007). Flux within change. In Proceedings of mLearn 2007: 6th World Conference on Mobile Learning."},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-19","unstructured":"Traxler, J., & Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2005) Evaluating mobile learning: Reflections on current practice. In Proceedings of mLearn 2005: 4th World Conference on Mobile Learning."},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-20","unstructured":"Traxler, J., Riordan, B., & Dennett, C. (Eds.). (2008). The Bridge from Text to Context. In Proceedings of mLearn 2008: 7th World Conference on Mobile Learning."},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-21","unstructured":"van der Merwe, H., & Brown, T. (Eds.). (2005). Mobile Technology: The Future of Learning in Your Hands. In Proceedings of mLearn 2005: 4th World Conference on Mobile Learning."},{"issue":"2","key":"jmbl.2011010101-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4018\/jmbl.2009040104","article-title":"Meeting the challenge in evaluating mobile learning: A 3-level evaluation framework.","volume":"1","author":"G.Vavoula","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning"},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-23","unstructured":"Wingkvist, A., & Ericsson, M. (2009). Addressing sustainability for research initiatives in mobile learning through scalability. In Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference, Web-based Education (WBE 2009)."},{"key":"jmbl.2011010101-24","unstructured":"Wynekoop, J., & Conger, S. (1990). A review of computer aided software engineering research methods. 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