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Despite the increasing interest, we still need a unified and holistic picture on how to engineer gamification, including the meaning of the term, its development process, the stakeholders and disciplines which need to be involved in it, and the concerns and risks that an ad-hoc design could raise for both businesses and users. To address this need, this article reports on empirical research which involved reviewing the literature and a range of gamification techniques and applications as secondary research, and an expert opinion study of two phases, qualitative and quantitative, as primary research. Based on the results, we provide a body of knowledge about gamification and point-out good practice principles and areas of gamification that are debatable and need further investigation.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/joeuc.2019010103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T14:47:26Z","timestamp":1540306046000},"page":"39-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["How to Engineer Gamification"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Alimohammad","family":"Shahri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bournemouth University, Poole, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bournemouth University, Poole, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Phalp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bournemouth University, Poole, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqui","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bournemouth University, Poole, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raian","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bournemouth University, Poole, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"JOEUC.2019010103-0","author":"C. 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