{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:49:58Z","timestamp":1781110198548,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Transhumanism is a social, technological, political, and philosophical movement that advocates the transformation of human nature by means of pharmacology, genetic manipulation, cybernetic modification, nanotechnology, and a host of other technologies. The aim of this movement is to increase physical and sensory abilities, augment intelligence and memory, and extend lifespan. After providing some background on transhumanism, its philosophical heritage, and its goals, the author looks at three arguments against transhumanism, arguing that they are unpersuasive and should be rejected. This paper presents two arguments against transhumanism that have merit. The first argument is an argument from justice that addresses the distribution of benefits and burdens for funding, developing, and employing enhancement technology. The second argument examines a significant assumption held by many transhumanists, namely, that there is an essential \u201chuman nature\u201d that can be transcended.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jte.2010070101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]],"date-time":"2011-02-15T15:14:16Z","timestamp":1297782856000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transhumanism and Its Critics"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson College of Health Sciences, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jte.2010070101-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180107070314"},{"issue":"1","key":"jte.2010070101-1","article-title":"A history of transhumanist thought.","volume":"14","author":"N.Bostrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Evolution and Technology"},{"key":"jte.2010070101-2","author":"A.Clark","year":"2003","journal-title":"Natural-Born Cyborgs: Minds, Technologies, and the Future of Human Intelligence"},{"key":"jte.2010070101-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511624971","author":"N.Daniels","year":"1985","journal-title":"Just Healthcare: Studies in Philosophy & Health Policy"},{"key":"jte.2010070101-4","author":"F.Fukuyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution"},{"key":"jte.2010070101-5","author":"J.Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Enhancing Evolution: The Ethical Case for Making Better People"},{"key":"jte.2010070101-6","author":"J.Herrick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Humanism: An Introduction"},{"key":"jte.2010070101-7","author":"C.Hook","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transhumanism and posthumanism. 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C., & Bainbridge, W. S. (2002). Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance (NSF\/DOC-Sponsored Report). Retrieved September 29, 2009, from http:\/\/www.wtec.org\/ConvergingTechnologies\/Report\/NBIC_report.pdf"},{"key":"jte.2010070101-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173216","author":"S.Sarkar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genetics and Reductionism"},{"key":"jte.2010070101-19","author":"G.Stock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Redesigning Humans: Choosing Our Genes, Changing Our Future"},{"key":"jte.2010070101-20","author":"A.Sutcliffe","year":"2002","journal-title":"IVF Children: The First Generation: Assisted Reproduction and Child Development"},{"key":"jte.2010070101-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024928320234"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Technoethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=46654","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T11:38:24Z","timestamp":1654083504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/jte.2010070101"}},"subtitle":["Five Arguments against a Posthuman Future"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jte.2010070101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-3451","1947-346X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-3451","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-346X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]}}}