{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:01:16Z","timestamp":1747224076397,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>COVID-19 has caused strong restrictions in the activities of companies and people in the European Union. Its effects are not restricted to the public health field, but also include the economic and social dimensions. To face this wide range of challenges, government entities, companies, and civil society have sought to develop innovative solutions to cope with the effects posed by COVID-19. This study aims to explore these innovative initiatives using the observatory of public sector innovation (OPSI) framework and intends to understand the effects of digital skills of citizens and companies in the emergence of these initiatives. The findings reveal that the proposed innovative solutions result essentially from incremental innovation projects and are promoted by government entities at national and local levels. Nevertheless, the relevance of the participation of companies and civil society in these innovative initiatives is also highlighted. Finally, the digital competencies of each EU state member do not appear to influence the countries' capacity to offer innovative solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijide.2021070104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T14:26:41Z","timestamp":1621261601000},"page":"45-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digital Skills and Their Relevance to the COVID-19 Innovative Responses in the European Union"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6758-4843","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fernando","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Gaya, Portugal"}]}],"member":"2432","container-title":["International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=279599","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T10:10:53Z","timestamp":1651831853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/IJIDE.2021070104"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijide.2021070104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-8305","1947-8313"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1947-8305"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1947-8313"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}