{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T01:02:00Z","timestamp":1760576520040,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,15]],"date-time":"2007-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.scientific.net\/PolicyAndEthics\/PublishingPolicies"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,15]],"date-time":"2007-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.scientific.net\/license\/TDM_Licenser.pdf"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MSF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel concept of two-step austempering in a magnetic field has been conceived by this investigator. This twostep\nprocess involves first quenching the alloy to a lower temperature after austenitizing and then immediately\nrising the temperature of the quenching media to a higher temperature and the whole austempering process is\ncarried out in the presence of a high magnetic field. In this investigation, Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) was\nprocessed by this novel two-step austempering process in a high magnetic field of 20 Tesla. The microstructure\nand the mechanical properties of the ADI processed in a magnetic field has been characterized and compared\nwith ADI processed by conventional process.\nThe results of this investigation indicate significant improvement in the mechanical properties of ADI\nwhen Austempered in a high magnetic field. Both yield and tensile strengths were higher in the samples\nprocessed in the presence of a magnetic field. Very fine grain ferrite and austenite was obtained in the\nmicrostructure. The ferrite content was also significantly higher.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/msf.539-543.4657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,11]],"date-time":"2009-03-11T15:30:53Z","timestamp":1236785453000},"page":"4657-4662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Influence of Magnetic Field on the Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)"],"prefix":"10.4028","volume":"539-543","author":[{"given":"Susil K.","family":"Putatunda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2457","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,15]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"J. Dodd, High Strength, High Ductility Ductile Irons, Modern Casting, Vol. 68, No. 5, pp.60-66 (1978).","key":"3040072"},{"unstructured":"R.B. Gundlach and J.F. Janowak, Development of a Ductile Iron for Commercial Austempering, AFS Transaction, Vol. 94, pp.377-388 (1983).","key":"3040073"},{"unstructured":"R.A. Harding and G.N.J. Gilbert, Why the Properties of Ductile Irons should Interest Engineers, British Foundryman, Vol. 79, pp.489-496 (1986).","key":"3040074"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Schmidt and A. Schuchert, Unlubricated Wear of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron, Zeitschriftjbr Metalkunde, Vol. 78, pp.871-875 (1987).","key":"3040075","DOI":"10.1515\/ijmr-1987-781208"},{"unstructured":"M. Johansson, Austenitic Bainitic Ductile Iron, AFS Transaction, Vol. 85, pp. l 17122 (1977).","key":"3040076"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S.K. Putatunda et. al., Influence of Microstructure on High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron, Materials Characterization, Vol. 30, pp. 22l-234 (1993).","key":"3040077","DOI":"10.1016\/1044-5803(93)90069-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. Shanmugam, P.P. Rao, K.R. Udupa and N. Venkataraman, Effect of Microstructure on the Fatigue Strength of an Austempered Ductile Iron, J of Materials Science, Vol. 29, pp.4933-4940 (1994).","key":"3040078","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00356546"},{"unstructured":"L. Bartosiewicz, S. Duraiswamy, A. Sengupta and S.K. Putatunda, Near Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth behavior of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron, Morris Fine Symposium, TMS, Detroit, pp.135-138 (1991).","key":"3040079"},{"unstructured":"T. Shiokara, On the Austempered Ductile Cast Iron, Their Mechanical properties and Some Practical Applications, 59th Japan Ductile Cast Iron, Association conference, Tokyo, Japan, pp.138-150 (1978).","key":"3040080"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S.K. Putatunda and I. Singh Fracture toughness of unalloyed austempered ductile iron, Journal of Testing & Evaluation, pp.325-332(1995).","key":"3040081","DOI":"10.1520\/jte11401j"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. L. Doong and C. Chen Fracture toughness of bainitic-nodular cast iron, Fatigue Fract Engrg Mater Struct pp.155-165 (1989).","key":"3040082","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2695.1989.tb00520.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D.J. Moore, T.N. Rouns and K.B. Rundamn The effect of heat treatment, mechanical deformation and alloying elements on rate of bainitic formation in austempered ductile cast iron, J. Heat Treatment pp.7-24 (1985).","key":"3040083","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02835485"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S.K. Putatunda Development of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron with Simultaneous High Yield Strength and Fracture Toughness by a Novel Two-step Austempering Process, Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol A 315, pp.70-80, Septempber (2001).","key":"3040084","DOI":"10.1016\/s0921-5093(01)01210-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jianghuai Yang and S.K. Putatunda Improvement in strength and toughness of austempered ductile cast iron by a novel two step austempering process, Material and Design, Vol. 25, pp.219-230, (2004).","key":"3040085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2003.09.021"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S.K. Putatunda and Jianghuai Yang Improvement in Strength and Toughness of Austempered Ductile iron by Novel Two Step Austempering Process, Materials and Design, Vol 25 No. 1, pp.219-230, February (2004).","key":"3040086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2003.09.021"},{"unstructured":"Y. Xu, H. Ohtsuka and H. Wada Transaction of the Materials Research Society of Japan, Vol 25, pp.501-504, (2000).","key":"3040087"},{"unstructured":"H. Ohtsuka, Y. Xu, J.K. Choi, Y. Oishi, T. Murai and H. Wada Proceeding of the solid Phase Transformations, Japan Institute of Metals, pp.393-396, (1999).","key":"3040088"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H.D. Joo, S.U. Kim, N.S. Shin, Y.M. 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