{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:00:40Z","timestamp":1763017240316,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]],"date-time":"2012-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.scientific.net\/PolicyAndEthics\/PublishingPolicies"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]],"date-time":"2012-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.scientific.net\/license\/TDM_Licenser.pdf"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MSF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The concrete degradation caused by internal expansive reaction (IER) is a problem that affects many structures in the world. These reactions, which include the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and the internal sulphatic reaction (ISR) related with delayed ettringite formation, are very dangerous, due the expansive behavior of products formed, that cause the cracking of concrete. So it is urgent to find preventive methods to avoid or mitigate the onset of these reactions in new structures. This work aims to show the applicability of sludge from a tungsten mine in the mitigation of the IER. To evaluate the effect of sludge in the mitigation of ASR and ISR, mortar and concrete mixes were produced with 30% (%in mass) of cement replacement. The results obtained so far allow stating that tungsten mine sludge as Portland cement replacement could be effective in the ASR and ISR mitigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/msf.730-732.468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]],"date-time":"2012-11-12T11:00:38Z","timestamp":1352718038000},"page":"468-473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mitigation of Internal Expansive Reaction: The Role of Tungsten Mine Sludge"],"prefix":"10.4028","volume":"730-732","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Santos Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Civil Engineering"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Velosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Gameiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Civil Engineering"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro"}]}],"member":"2457","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1772515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cyr, M., Rivard, P., Labreque, F., Reduction of ASR-expansion using powders ground from various sources of reactive aggregates, Cement and Concrete Composites 31(2009) 438-446.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2009.04.013"},{"key":"1772516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hou, X., Struble, L., J., Kirkpatrick, R., J., Formation of ASR gel and the roles of C-S-H and portlandite, Cement and Concrete Research 34 (2004) 1683-1696.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2004.03.026"},{"key":"1772517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taylor, H., F., W., Famy, C., Scrivener, K., L., Delayed ettringite formation, Cement and Concrete Research 31 (2001) 683-693.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-8846(01)00466-5"},{"key":"1772518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pavoine, A., Divet, L., Fenouillet, S., A concrete performance test for delayed ettringite formation: Part II validation, Cement and Concrete Research 36 (2006) 2144-2151.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2006.09.010"},{"key":"1772519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cyr, M., Rivard, P., Labreque, F., Reduction of ASR-expansion using powders ground from various sources of reactive aggregates, Cement and Concrete Composites, 31 (2009) 438-446.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2009.04.013"},{"key":"1772520","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramlochan, T., Zacarias, P., Thomas, M. D. A., Hooton, R.D., The effect of pozzolans and slag on the expansion of mortars cured at elevated temperature. Part I: Expansive behaviour, Cement and Concrete Research, 33 (2003) 807-814.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-8846(02)01066-9"},{"key":"1772521","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Torgal, F. Pacheco, Desenvolvimento de ligantes obtidos por activa\u00e7\u00e3o alcalina de lamas residuais das minas da Panasqueira (in Portuguese). PhD Thesis, Engenharia Civil, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Arquitectura da Universidade da Beira Interior, (2006).","DOI":"10.5327\/z2176-947820159914"},{"key":"1772522","unstructured":"ASTM C 2001, Standard test method for potential alkali reactivity of aggregates (mortar-bar method), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, United States, p.5."},{"key":"1772523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"RILEM Recommendations: B-TC-106-3-Detection of potential alkali-reactivity of aggregates- Method for aggregate combinations using concrete prisms, Materials and Structures, vol. 33, pp.290-293.","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02479698"},{"key":"1772524","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hong, S. Y: and Glasser, F.P., Alkali sorption by C-S-H and C-S-A-H gels. Part II. Role of alumina; Cement and Concrete Research, 32 (2002) 1101-1111.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-8846(02)00753-6"},{"key":"1772525","unstructured":"Santos Silva, A., Degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do bet\u00e3o por reac\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e1lcalis-s\u00edlica. Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de cinzas volantes e metacaulino para a sua preven\u00e7\u00e3o (in Portuguese). PhD Thesis, LNEC\/Universidade do Minho, (2005)."},{"key":"1772526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hong, S. Y: and Glasser, F.P., Alkali binding in cement pastes. Part I. the C-S-H phase; Cement and Concrete Research, 29(1999) 1893-(1903).","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-8846(99)00187-8"},{"key":"1772527","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hong, S. Y: and Glasser, F.P., Alkali sorption by C-S-H and C-S-A-H gels. Part II. Role of alumina; Cement and Concrete Research, 32, (2002) 1101-1111.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-8846(02)00753-6"},{"key":"1772528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shehata, M. H. and Thomas, M.D.A., Use of ternary blends containing silica fume and fly ash to suppress expansion due to alkali-silica reaction in concrete\", Cement and Concrete Research, 32(2002) 341-349.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-8846(01)00680-9"},{"key":"1772529","unstructured":"Ke- rui, Y., Cai-Wen, Z., Zhi-gang, L., Cong, N., A study on alkali-fixation ability of C-S-H gel, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Beijing, China (2004) 221-225."},{"key":"1772530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramlochan, T., Zacarias, P., Thomas, M. D. A., Hooton, R.D., The effect of pozzolans and slag on the expansion of mortars cured at elevated temperature. Part II: Microstructural and microchemical investigations, Concrete Research, 34 (2004).","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-8846(02)01066-9"},{"key":"1772531","unstructured":"LNEC E 26, 1968, Bet\u00e3o. Ensaio de compress\u00e3o, Especifica\u00e7\u00e3o LNEC, Lisboa."}],"container-title":["Materials Science Forum"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scientific.net\/MSF.730-732.468.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T21:01:49Z","timestamp":1732050109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scientific.net\/MSF.730-732.468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/msf.730-732.468","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-9752"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1662-9752"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]]}}}