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This review synthesizes current evidence on indications for postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, optimal selection between venovenous and venoarterial support, and cannulation strategies tailored to cardiopulmonary physiology. Key challenges, including recirculation, vascular complications, infection risk, and altered pharmacokinetics, are discussed along with methods to detect and mitigate them. Emphasis is placed on the critical care nurse\u2019s integral role in ensuring the safety and success of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, coordinating multidisciplinary care, identifying complications early, and applying evidence-based management to support allograft recovery and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4037\/aacnacc2026592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:28:43Z","timestamp":1788362923000},"page":"295-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Road Map of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Early Post\u2013Lung Transplant Period"],"prefix":"10.4037","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Christina Taing","family":"Vo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christina Taing Vo is Nurse Practitioner, Department of Medical Transplant\u2014Advanced Lung Disease, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (christina.taingvo@pennmedicine.upenn.edu)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Remy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anna Remy is Nurse Practitioner, Heart and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Clifton Center 7 Campus, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily P.","family":"Moyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emily P. 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