{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T07:16:12Z","timestamp":1770534972353,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"AACN Publishing","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After removal of temporary pacemaker wires, nurses measure vital signs frequently to assess for cardiac tamponade; however, evidence for this procedure is limited.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine risk factors for cardiac tamponade after temporary pacemaker wire removal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective review of data for coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery (N = 23 717) performed from January 1999 to December 2008. Patients were categorized by reason for reoperation: bleeding less than 3 days after initial surgery (n = 812, group 1), bleeding 3 days or more after index surgery but not for cardiac tamponade (n = 171, group 2), bleeding 3 days or more after index surgery for cardiac tamponade after temporary pacemaker wire removal (n = 23, group 3), and no reoperation (n = 22 711, group 4).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Less than 1% (9.7 cases\/10 000) of patients required reoperation for cardiac tamponade after removal of temporary pacer wires. Of patient-related factors studied, only smoking history differed for group 3 vs group 1 (P = .03) and group 2 (P = .01). Of vital sign changes, 1 patient (4%) had tachycardia and 3 patients had cardiac arrest, but only 1 of the 3 had hypotension before the arrest. In total, 12 patients (52%) had hypotension; however, it was mild or intermittent in 5 cases, and did not occur within the 4 hours after wire removal in 3 cases. After removal of temporary pacing wires, common early signs\/symptoms were bleeding (26%) and dyspnea (26%). Other documented changes were pressure in the chest, diaphoresis, cold and clammy skin, dizziness, and mental status changes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tamponade related to pacer wire removal was rare and not consistently associated with changes in vital signs. Dyspnea, bleeding, and other factors may indicate early onset of cardiac tamponade after removal of temporary pacer wires.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2012585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T07:22:03Z","timestamp":1351754523000},"page":"432-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cardiac Tamponade After Removal of Temporary Pacer Wires"],"prefix":"10.4037","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Mahon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Linda Mahon is a staff nurse at the Heart and Vascular Institute and Nursing Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. James F. Bena is a biostatistician and Shannon M. Morrison is a statistical programmer in Quantitative Health Sciences at the Cleveland Clinic. Nancy M. Albert is a senior director in Nursing Research and Innovation at the Cleveland Clinic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Bena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Linda Mahon is a staff nurse at the Heart and Vascular Institute and Nursing Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. James F. Bena is a biostatistician and Shannon M. Morrison is a statistical programmer in Quantitative Health Sciences at the Cleveland Clinic. Nancy M. Albert is a senior director in Nursing Research and Innovation at the Cleveland Clinic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Linda Mahon is a staff nurse at the Heart and Vascular Institute and Nursing Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. James F. Bena is a biostatistician and Shannon M. Morrison is a statistical programmer in Quantitative Health Sciences at the Cleveland Clinic. Nancy M. Albert is a senior director in Nursing Research and Innovation at the Cleveland Clinic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy M.","family":"Albert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Linda Mahon is a staff nurse at the Heart and Vascular Institute and Nursing Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. James F. Bena is a biostatistician and Shannon M. Morrison is a statistical programmer in Quantitative Health Sciences at the Cleveland Clinic. Nancy M. Albert is a senior director in Nursing Research and Innovation at the Cleveland Clinic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2471","reference":[{"key":"2020032705424081800_b1-0210432","first-page":"387","article-title":"Epicardial pacer wire removal AP","volume-title":"AACN Procedure Manual for Critical Care","author":"Schakenbach","year":"2011","edition":"6th ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020032705424081800_b2-0210432","first-page":"E103","article-title":"Is routine use of temporary epicardial pacing wires necessary after either OPCAB or conventional CABG\/CPB?","volume":"6","author":"Puskas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart Surg Forum."},{"key":"2020032705424081800_b3-0210432","first-page":"261","article-title":"Is use of temporary pacing wires following coronary bypass surgery really necessary?","volume":"49","author":"Imren","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"2020032705424081800_b4-0210432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198604000-00014","article-title":"Pericardial tamponade after removal of an epicardial pacemaker wire","volume":"14","author":"Hoidal","year":"1986","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"2020032705424081800_b5-0210432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-197105000-00002","article-title":"Acute cardiac tamponade following the removal of temporary epicardial pacemaker wires after open heart surgery","volume":"261","author":"Baldwin","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci."},{"key":"2020032705424081800_b6-0210432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.61.6.546","article-title":"Injury to a saphenous vein graft during removal of a temporary epicardial pacing wire electrode","volume":"61","author":"Price","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br Heart J."},{"key":"2020032705424081800_b7-0210432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)01538-6","article-title":"The STS National Database: current changes and challenges for the new millennium. 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