{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:36:55Z","timestamp":1783136215698,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"AACN Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intensive care unit (ICU) survivors often report poor physical health, cognitive dysfunction, and mental health sequelae (post\u2013intensive care syndrome). However, critical illness and the associated treatments in ICUs can also lead to posttraumatic growth, defined as positive changes in life philosophy, relationships, and personal growth attributed to the process of gaining understanding and making sense of a traumatic event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize posttraumatic growth in ICU survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This secondary data analysis explored the in-hospital factors linked to posttraumatic growth 6 months after discharge and assessed the relationship of posttraumatic growth to anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, global mental health, and physical health. To explore relationships among the variables, Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess linear associations between pairs of continuous variables. Predictors of posttraumatic growth and their extent of association were determined using a general linear model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The strongest associations observed with posttraumatic growth were a positive correlation with posttraumatic stress disorder (r = 0.32, P = .01) and weak positive correlations with anxiety (r = 0.11, P = .42) and depression (r = 0.12, P = .35). Notable in-hospital predictors of posttraumatic growth were mechanical ventilation (P = .04), educational level (P = .02), and age (P = .01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding positive outcomes, such as posttraumatic growth, is important for the recovery and long-term outcomes of ICU survivors and for planning and developing interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2026251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:03:08Z","timestamp":1777600988000},"page":"216-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Posttraumatic Growth, Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Intensive Care Unit Survivors"],"prefix":"10.4037","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"Calkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kelly Calkins is an assistant professor, Marquette University College of Nursing, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail C.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abigail C. Jones is a nurse practitioner, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maharaj","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maharaj Singh is a research professor, Marquette University College of Nursing, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Plebanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Felicia Plebanski is an honor BSN student, Marquette University College of Nursing, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Guttormson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jill Guttormson is dean, Marquette University College of Nursing, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne M.","family":"Boehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leanne M. Boehm is an assistant professor, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2471","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026043022030439800_b1-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70051-7","article-title":"Depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and functional disability in survivors of critical illness in the BRAIN-ICU study: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026043022030439800_b2-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000882","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in critical illness survivors: a meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Parker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026043022030439800_b3-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201506-1158OC","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for intensive care unit-related post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans and civilians","volume":"193","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026043022030439800_b4-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2016.08.005","article-title":"Anxiety symptoms in survivors of critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Nikayin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026043022030439800_b5-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001811","article-title":"Depressive symptoms after critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Rabiee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026043022030439800_b6-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003218","article-title":"Co-occurrence of post-intensive care syndrome problems among 406 survivors of critical illness","volume":"46","author":"Marra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026043022030439800_b7-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20220224-pt","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for postintensive care syndrome in a cohort of critically ill patients. Incid\u00eancia e fatores de risco associados \u00e0 s\u00edndrome p\u00f3s-cuidados intensivos em uma coorte de pacientes em estado cr\u00edtico","volume":"34","author":"Tejero-Aranguren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ter Intensiva"},{"key":"2026043022030439800_b8-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483326931","volume-title":"Trauma & Transformation: Growing in the Aftermath of Suffering","author":"Tedeschi","year":"1995"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026043022030439800_b9-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02103658","article-title":"The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma","volume":"9","author":"Tedeschi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"2026043022030439800_b10-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118270028.ch1","article-title":"The posttraumatic growth model: sociocultural considerations","volume-title":"Posttraumatic Growth and Culturally Competent Practice: Lessons Learned From Around the Globe","author":"Calhoun","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026043022030439800_b11-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5314","article-title":"The relationship between post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth in cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Marziliano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026043022030439800_b12-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1813-z","article-title":"Early psychological screening of intensive care unit survivors: a prospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Milton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026043022030439800_b13-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00208","article-title":"Resilience in cancer patients","volume":"10","author":"Seiler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026043022030439800_b14-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000969","article-title":"Posttraumatic growth and depreciation in people with chronic pain: a profile analysis","volume":"13","author":"Ayache","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026043022030439800_b15-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201909-700IP","article-title":"Dealing with \u201cdifficult\u201d patients and families: making a case for trauma-informed care in the intensive care unit","volume":"17","author":"Ashana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026043022030439800_b16-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.10.001","article-title":"Multidisciplinary ICU recovery clinic visits: a qualitative analysis of patient-provider dialogues","volume":"163","author":"Boehm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026043022030439800_b17-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026043022030439800_b18-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026043022030439800_b19-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000605","article-title":"Correlation between posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms based on Pearson correlation coefficient: a meta-analysis","volume":"205","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026043022030439800_b20-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.10.005","article-title":"A meta-analytic clarification of the relationship between posttraumatic growth and symptoms of posttraumatic distress disorder","volume":"28","author":"Shakespeare-Finch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026043022030439800_b21-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000490","article-title":"Relationships between latent factors of posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth","volume":"204","author":"Tiamiyu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026043022030439800_b22-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2016.1229467","article-title":"Self-reported posttraumatic growth predicts greater subsequent posttraumatic stress amidst war and terrorism","volume":"30","author":"Zalta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026043022030439800_b23-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3719","article-title":"Correlates of post-traumatic stress symptoms and growth in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Shand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026043022030439800_b24-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714001202","article-title":"Post-traumatic growth among veterans in the USA: results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study","volume":"45","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026043022030439800_b25-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2022.08.008","article-title":"Post-traumatic growth in people experiencing high post-traumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: the protective role of psychological flexibility","volume":"26","author":"Landi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Contextual Behav Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026043022030439800_b26-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli1501_01","article-title":"Target article: \u201cposttraumatic growth: conceptual foundations and empirical evidence\u201d","volume":"15","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Inquiry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026043022030439800_b27-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2020149","article-title":"Facilitating posttraumatic growth after critical illness","volume":"29","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026043022030439800_b28-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4106","article-title":"Posttraumatic growth among head and neck cancer survivors with psychological distress","volume":"26","author":"Holtmaat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026043022030439800_b29-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4426","article-title":"Psychological and clinical correlates of posttraumatic growth in cancer: a systematic and critical review","volume":"26","author":"Casellas-Grau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026043022030439800_b30-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12146","article-title":"Relationship of posttraumatic growth to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression: a pilot study of Iraqi students","volume":"50","author":"Magruder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026043022030439800_b31-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.06.004","article-title":"Quality of life and posttraumatic growth after adult burn: a prospective, longitudinal study","volume":"43","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026043022030439800_b32-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021865","article-title":"Posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic distress: a longitudinal study","volume":"4","author":"Dekel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy"},{"key":"2026043022030439800_b33-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575311","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.575311","article-title":"Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic growth among bereaved adults: a latent class analysis","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026043022030439800_b34-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.04.024","article-title":"Longitudinal linkages between posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth in adolescent survivors following the Wenchuan earthquake in China: a three-wave, cross-lagged study","volume":"228","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026043022030439800_b35-0350216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001613","article-title":"The moderator roles of depression and anxiety symptoms in the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth in Syrian refugees","volume":"16","author":"Alpay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aacnjournals.org\/ajcconline\/article-pdf\/35\/3\/216\/170035\/216.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aacnjournals.org\/ajcconline\/article-pdf\/35\/3\/216\/170035\/216.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:03:09Z","timestamp":1777600989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aacnjournals.org\/ajcconline\/article\/35\/3\/216\/33006\/Posttraumatic-Growth-Anxiety-Depression-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/ajcc2026251","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-3264","1937-710X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-3264","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-710X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}}}