{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T03:10:06Z","timestamp":1748833806812,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"AACN Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Overdoses of \u03b2-blockers and calcium channel blockers can produce significant morbidity and mortality, and conventional therapies often do not work as treatments for these poisonings. High-dose insulin\/glucose therapy has been successful in reversing the cardiotoxic effects of these drugs in cases where the standard therapies have failed, and it appears to be relatively safe. Many successes have been well documented, but the clinical experience consists of case reports, the mechanisms of action are not completely understood, and guidelines for use of the therapy are empirically derived and not standardized. Regardless of these limitations, high-dose insulin\/glucose therapy can be effective, it is often recommended by clinical toxicologists and poison control centers, and critical care nurses should be familiar with when and how the therapy is used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2016370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T18:32:49Z","timestamp":1459535569000},"page":"45-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["\u03b2-Blocker and Calcium Channel Blocker Poisoning: High-Dose Insulin\/Glucose Therapy"],"prefix":"10.4037","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Dana","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Bartlett is an information specialist at the Connecticut Poison Control Center, Farmington, Connecticut."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2471","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2019112612121192600_b1-0360045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100102437","article-title":"Insulin-glucose as adjunctive therapy for severe calcium channel antagonist poisoning","volume":"37","author":"Yuan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019112612121192600_b2-0360045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/2008-2231-22-36","article-title":"High-dose insulin therapy, an evidence-based approach to beta blocker\/calcium channel blocker toxicity","volume":"22","author":"Woodward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Daru"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019112612121192600_b3-0360045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2011.582471","article-title":"High-dose insulin therapy in beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker poisoning","volume":"49","author":"Engebretsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019112612121192600_b4-0360045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-62475","article-title":"Beta-blocker ingestion: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management","volume":"43","author":"Wax","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2019112612121192600_b5-0360045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650500357404","article-title":"Calcium channel blocker ingestion: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management","volume":"43","author":"Olson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"2019112612121192600_b6-0360045","first-page":"911","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers","volume-title":"Goldfrank\u2019s Toxicologic Emergencies","author":"DeRoos","year":"2006","edition":"8th ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019112612121192600_b7-0360045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81224-7","article-title":"Delayed onset of cardiac arrhythmias from sustained release verapamil","volume":"20","author":"Spiller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019112612121192600_b8-0360045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80202-1","article-title":"A one year evaluation of calcium channel blocker overdoses","volume":"22","author":"Ramoska","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019112612121192600_b9-0360045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1000842","article-title":"Case report. 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