{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:07:04Z","timestamp":1777525624237,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"AACN Publishing","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transdermal lidocaine patches have few systemic toxicities and may be useful analgesics in cardiac surgery patients. However, few studies have evaluated their efficacy in the perioperative setting. Objective To compare the efficacy of topical lidocaine 5% patch plus standard care (opioid and nonopioid analgesics) with standard care alone for postthoracotomy or poststernotomy pain in adult patients in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A single-center, retrospective cohort evaluation was conducted from January 2015 through December 2015 in the adult cardiothoracic intensive care unit at a tertiary academic medical center. Cardiac surgery patients with new sternotomies or thoracotomies were included. Patients in the lidocaine group received 1 to 3 topical lidocaine 5% patches near sternotomy and\/or thoracotomy sites daily. Patches remained in place for 12 hours daily. Patients in the control group received standard care alone.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The primary outcome was numeric pain rating for sternotomy\/thoracotomy sites. Secondary outcomes were cardiothoracic intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay and total doses of analgesics received. Forty-seven patients were included in the lidocaine group; 44 were included in the control group. Mean visual analogue scores for pain did not differ between groups (lidocaine, 2; control, 1.9; P = .58). Lengths of stay were similar for both groups (cardiothoracic intensive care unit: lidocaine, 3.06 days; control, 3.11 days; P = .86; hospital: lidocaine, 8.26 days; control, 7.61 days; P = .47).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adjunctive lidocaine 5% patches did not reduce acute pain in postthoracotomy and post-sternotomy patients in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2019849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T13:15:13Z","timestamp":1569935713000},"page":"51-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Topical Lidocaine Patch for Postthoracotomy and Poststernotomy Pain in Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit Adult Patients"],"prefix":"10.4037","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael Liu is the manager of clinical pharmacy services and director of the PGY-1 pharmacy residency program at Lawrence + Memorial Hospital, New London, Connecticut. Mabel Wai is a clinical pharmacist II of cardiothoracic surgery at the Heart & Vascular Center at Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut. James Nunez is a clinical pharmacist II of cardiology services at Yale New Haven Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mabel","family":"Wai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael Liu is the manager of clinical pharmacy services and director of the PGY-1 pharmacy residency program at Lawrence + Memorial Hospital, New London, Connecticut. Mabel Wai is a clinical pharmacist II of cardiothoracic surgery at the Heart & Vascular Center at Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut. James Nunez is a clinical pharmacist II of cardiology services at Yale New Haven Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Nunez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael Liu is the manager of clinical pharmacy services and director of the PGY-1 pharmacy residency program at Lawrence + Memorial Hospital, New London, Connecticut. Mabel Wai is a clinical pharmacist II of cardiothoracic surgery at the Heart & Vascular Center at Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut. James Nunez is a clinical pharmacist II of cardiology services at Yale New Haven Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2471","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022042504113265800_b1-0390051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182783b72","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"41","author":"Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022042504113265800_b2-0390051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.15171\/jcvtr.2014.001","article-title":"A review of current analgesic techniques in cardiac surgery. 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