{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T13:31:06Z","timestamp":1717335066979},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"AACN Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patient-controlled analgesia is commonly used for adult patients requiring parenteral opioid analgesia in the postoperative setting. However, many patients are unable to use patient-controlled analgesia because of physical or cognitive limitations. Authorized agent\u2013controlled analgesia, in which a nurse or family member activates the patient-controlled analgesia device, has been studied in the pediatric population but has received little attention in adults.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of authorized agent\u2013controlled analgesia in critically ill adult patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective pilot study was conducted involving 46 patients who were placed on an authorized agent\u2013controlled analgesia protocol in a mixed medical\/surgical adult intensive care unit. Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool scores were abstracted for the 24 hours before and after initiation of authorized agent\u2013controlled analgesia. Authorized agent\u2013controlled analgesia was administered by nurses only.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean (SD) change in pain score was \u20133.4 (2.0) (95% CI, \u20134.0 to \u20132.7), representing a 69% decrease in the mean (SD) pain score from before to after initiation of authorized agent\u2013controlled analgesia (4.8 [1.8] vs 1.5 [1.6]; P &amp;lt; .001). When the results were controlled for time, sedative administration, and opioid medication administration, the effect of authorized agent\u2013controlled analgesia initiation on pain scores remained significant (P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Use of authorized agent\u2013controlled analgesia is associated with a reduction in pain in critically ill patients. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2020323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:02:18Z","timestamp":1590969738000},"page":"31-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Authorized Agent\u2013Controlled Analgesia for Pain Management in Critically Ill Adult Patients"],"prefix":"10.4037","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ivy","family":"Benjenk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ivy Benjenk is a senior clinical analyst, Center for Trauma and Critical Care, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Messing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonathan Messing is lead nurse practitioner for trauma services, Center for Trauma and Critical Care, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan J.","family":"Lenihan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Megan J. Lenihan and Madelyn Hernandez are medical students, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madelyn","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Megan J. Lenihan and Madelyn Hernandez are medical students, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Amdur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard Amdur is a statistician, George Washington University Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Sirajuddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah Sirajuddin is a surgical resident, George Washington University Hospital."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Davison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danielle Davison is an attending physician, Department of Anes-thesiology and Critical Care, George Washington University."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary E. Schroeder is an attending physician, Center for Trauma and Critical Care, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Sarani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Babak Sarani is an attending physician and medical director of trauma services, Center for Trauma and Critical Care, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2471","reference":[{"key":"2020053120044969500_b1-0400031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-017-0212-5","article-title":"Risk factors and prognosis of pain events during mechanical ventilation: a retrospective study","volume":"5","author":"Yamashita","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Intensive 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